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Which family of hydrocarbons contains only single carbon–carbon bonds?
- a) Alkynes
- b) Alkenes
- c) Alkanes ✓ (correct answer)
- d) Arenes
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What is the general molecular formula for an acyclic alkane with n carbon atoms?
- a) CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
- b) CₙHₙ₊₂
- c) CₙH₂ₙ
- d) CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ ✓ (correct answer)
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Which type of bond between carbon atoms is found in ethene, C₂H₄?
- a) A triple bond
- b) Two single bonds
- c) An ionic bond
- d) A double bond ✓ (correct answer)
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Which functional group identifies an alcohol?
- a) –COOH
- b) –CHO
- c) –COO–
- d) –OH ✓ (correct answer)
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Which functional group is characteristic of a carboxylic acid?
- a) –COOH ✓ (correct answer)
- b) –CHO
- c) –O–
- d) –OH
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What is the molecular geometry around a carbon atom with four single bonds and no lone pairs?
- a) Linear
- b) Bent
- c) Trigonal planar
- d) Tetrahedral ✓ (correct answer)
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What do structural isomers have in common?
- a) The same functional group in every case
- b) The same molecular formula ✓ (correct answer)
- c) The same physical properties
- d) The same connectivity of atoms
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When naming a branched alkane, what determines its parent name?
- a) The branch with the most carbon atoms
- b) The carbon atom with the most hydrogen atoms
- c) The chain with the most branches
- d) The longest continuous carbon chain ✓ (correct answer)
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What product forms when propene reacts with hydrogen in an addition reaction?
- a) Propanol
- b) Propyne
- c) Propanoic acid
- d) Propane ✓ (correct answer)
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What are the products of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon in excess oxygen?
- a) Carbon dioxide and hydrogen
- b) Carbon and water
- c) Carbon monoxide and hydrogen
- d) Carbon dioxide and water ✓ (correct answer)
- Which monomer forms polyethene through addition polymerization?
- a) Ethanol
- b) Ethane
- c) Ethene ✓ (correct answer)
- d) Ethyne
- Which feature is characteristic of the structure of benzene?
- a) A three-carbon ring with one double bond
- b) A six-carbon ring with delocalized electrons ✓ (correct answer)
- c) A carbon chain with a terminal triple bond
- d) A six-carbon chain with alternating single bonds only
- Which formula represents an alkene with three carbon atoms and one carbon–carbon double bond?
- a) C₃H₈
- b) C₃H₁₀
- c) C₃H₆ ✓ (correct answer)
- d) C₃H₄
- Which change occurs when ethanol is oxidized under suitable conditions?
- a) It can form ethanoic acid ✓ (correct answer)
- b) It forms ethene by adding oxygen
- c) It forms methane by rearranging its atoms
- d) It forms ethane by losing oxygen
- Which functional group identifies an aldehyde?
- a) A terminal –CHO group ✓ (correct answer)
- b) A –COOH group
- c) An –O– linkage between carbon groups
- d) An internal –CO– group
- How can a ketone be distinguished from an aldehyde by its carbonyl group?
- a) The carbonyl group is bonded to a hydrogen and an –OH group
- b) The carbonyl carbon is bonded only to hydrogen atoms
- c) The carbonyl carbon is within the carbon chain ✓ (correct answer)
- d) The carbonyl carbon is at the end of the carbon chain
- How do successive members of a typical homologous series differ in molecular formula?
- a) By one oxygen atom
- b) By one –CH₂– unit ✓ (correct answer)
- c) By one carbon–carbon double bond
- d) By one –OH group
- Which substance is a hydrocarbon?
- a) A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- b) A compound containing hydrogen and oxygen only
- c) A compound containing carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
- d) A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen ✓ (correct answer)
- What is the IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CH₃?
- a) Propyne
- b) Propane ✓ (correct answer)
- c) Cyclopropane
- d) Propene
- Why are alkenes generally more reactive in addition reactions than alkanes?
- a) Their molecules have no covalent bonds
- b) Their carbon–hydrogen bonds are ionic
- c) Their carbon–carbon double bond can open as atoms add ✓ (correct answer)
- d) They contain more carbon atoms than alkanes
- What is the IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂OH?
- a) Methanol
- b) Ethanal
- c) Ethanol ✓ (correct answer)
- d) Ethanoic acid
- Which molecular formula represents methanol?
- a) CH₄O ✓ (correct answer)
- b) C₂H₆O
- c) CH₂O₂
- d) C₂H₄O
- Which functional group is characteristic of an ester?
- a) –COOH
- b) –COO– ✓ (correct answer)
- c) –CHO
- d) –OH
- Which observation is commonly associated with adding bromine water to an alkene?
- a) The orange-brown color disappears ✓ (correct answer)
- b) The solution turns bright blue
- c) A purple solid forms immediately
- d) The solution becomes milky white
- What is the molecular formula of butane?
- a) C₄H₆
- b) C₄H₈
- c) C₄H₁₀ ✓ (correct answer)
- d) C₄H₁₂
- Which name describes the branched structural isomer of butane with a three-carbon main chain?
- a) 2-methylpropane ✓ (correct answer)
- b) 2-methylbutane
- c) 1-methylpropane
- d) 2-ethylpropane
- What kind of bond joins the two carbon atoms in ethyne, C₂H₂?
- a) A single bond
- b) A double bond
- c) A triple bond ✓ (correct answer)
- d) An ionic bond
- What is the main product when ethene undergoes addition polymerization?
- a) Polyethene ✓ (correct answer)
- b) Polyethanol
- c) Polyethyne
- d) Polyethanoic acid
- Which formula represents the functional group of a ketone?
- a) –CHO
- b) –CO– ✓ (correct answer)
- c) –COOH
- d) –COO–
- Which two types of compounds react to form an ester and water in esterification?
- a) An alkane and an alkene
- b) An alcohol and a carboxylic acid ✓ (correct answer)
- c) An aldehyde and a ketone
- d) An alkene and a carboxylic acid
- What is the molecular formula of a saturated, monocyclic hydrocarbon with five carbon atoms?
- a) C₅H₁₀ ✓ (correct answer)
- b) C₅H₈
- c) C₅H₁₂
- d) C₅H₆
- When methane reacts with chlorine under UV light, which product forms when one hydrogen atom is replaced by chlorine?
- a) CH₂Cl₂
- b) CH₃OH
- c) C₂H₅Cl
- d) CH₃Cl ✓ (correct answer)
- What is the empirical formula of glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆?
- a) C₃H₆O₃
- b) CH₂O ✓ (correct answer)
- c) C₂H₄O₂
- d) C₆H₁₂O
- Which formula represents a molecule containing a nitrile group?
- a) CH₃CN ✓ (correct answer)
- b) CH₃CHO
- c) CH₃COOH
- d) CH₃OH
- In a line-angle formula, what do line ends and corners usually represent?
- a) Lone pairs, with bonded atoms usually omitted
- b) Double bonds, with single bonds usually omitted
- c) Carbon atoms, with attached hydrogen atoms usually omitted ✓ (correct answer)
- d) Hydrogen atoms, with attached carbon atoms usually omitted
- Which compound contains an ether functional group?
- a) CH₃OCH₃ ✓ (correct answer)
- b) CH₃CH₂OH
- c) CH₃COOH
- d) CH₃CHO
- Which functional group is characteristic of an amine?
- a) –NH₂ ✓ (correct answer)
- b) –COO–
- c) –COOH
- d) –CHO
- What distinguishes geometric isomers such as cis-trans isomers?
- a) They contain different functional groups
- b) They have different atom connectivity
- c) They differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms ✓ (correct answer)
- d) They have different molecular formulas
- What type of compound is commonly formed when a secondary alcohol is oxidized?
- a) A carboxylic acid
- b) An alkane
- c) An aldehyde
- d) A ketone ✓ (correct answer)
- What small molecule is commonly released when condensation polymerization joins monomers?
- a) Oxygen
- b) Water ✓ (correct answer)
- c) Nitrogen
- d) Carbon monoxide
- A carbon–carbon triple bond contains how many pi bonds?
- a) No pi bonds
- b) Two pi bonds ✓ (correct answer)
- c) One pi bond
- d) Three pi bonds
- What products are often formed when a long-chain hydrocarbon undergoes cracking?
- a) Shorter alkanes and alkenes ✓ (correct answer)
- b) Longer alkanes and alcohols
- c) A single larger hydrocarbon
- d) Carboxylic acids and esters
- What makes a carbon atom a primary carbon?
- a) It is bonded to four other carbon atoms
- b) It is bonded to one other carbon atom ✓ (correct answer)
- c) It is bonded to two other carbon atoms
- d) It is bonded to three other carbon atoms
- What is a free radical in organic chemistry?
- a) An atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms
- b) A species with an unpaired electron ✓ (correct answer)
- c) A molecule with a fully shared electron pair
- d) An ion with a complete outer electron shell
- For isomers of the same alkane, how does increased branching generally affect boiling point?
- a) It generally lowers the boiling point ✓ (correct answer)
- b) It has no effect on the boiling point
- c) It makes the boiling point exactly 0 °C
- d) It generally raises the boiling point