1. Algebra: Patterns, Expressions, and Equations
A way to represent relationships with numbers and symbols
Speaker notes: Algebra uses symbols to represent numbers and relationships. Students will connect expressions, equations, and real-world situations.
2. What Is a Variable?
- A variable is a letter or symbol that represents a number.
- The value of a variable can change or be unknown.
- In 4 + n, n is the variable.
- If n = 3, then 4 + n = 7.
Speaker notes: Explain that a variable is a number placeholder. Ask what 4 + n equals when n is 10.
3. Expressions and Equations
- An expression combines numbers, variables, and operations.
- An equation states that two expressions are equal.
- Expression: 3x + 5
- Equation: 3x + 5 = 20
Speaker notes: Point out that an equation includes an equals sign, while an expression does not. Ask students to identify which example can be solved for x.
4. Parts of an Expression
- In 6x + 4, the terms are 6x and 4.
- The coefficient is the number multiplying a variable: 6.
- The constant is a number without a variable: 4.
- The operation between terms is addition.
Speaker notes: Clarify that 6x means 6 multiplied by x. In the expression 2y − 9, ask students to identify the coefficient and constant.
5. Evaluate an Expression
- Replace each variable with its given value.
- Use the order of operations.
- If a = 4, then 3a + 2 = 3(4) + 2.
- 3(4) + 2 = 14
Speaker notes: Model substitution with parentheses to show that the coefficient multiplies the value. Ask students to evaluate 2a + 5 when a = 4.
6. Combine Like Terms
- Like terms have the same variable raised to the same power.
- Add or subtract their coefficients.
- 3x + 5x = 8x
- 3x + 5 cannot be combined.
Speaker notes: Emphasize that only like terms can be combined. Ask why 3x and 5 are unlike terms.
7. Use the Distributive Property
- Multiply the factor outside parentheses by each term inside.
- 4(x + 3) = 4x + 12
- 2(3y − 5) = 6y − 10
- Check that every term inside the parentheses is multiplied.
Speaker notes: Show how the outside factor applies to every term in the parentheses. Ask students to expand 3(x + 2).
8. Solve a One-Step Equation
- Use an inverse operation to isolate the variable.
- Keep both sides of the equation balanced.
- x + 7 = 12
- Subtract 7 from both sides: x = 5
Speaker notes: Describe an equation as balanced: doing the same operation to both sides preserves equality. Check the solution by substituting 5 for x.
9. Write an Equation from a Situation
- Translate words into operations and symbols.
- A number increased by 8 is 21.
- Let n represent the number.
- Equation: n + 8 = 21; so n = 13.
Speaker notes: Explain that choosing a variable helps represent the unknown. Ask students how they could check whether 13 fits the situation.
10. Algebra: Key Ideas to Remember
- Variables represent numbers; expressions represent quantities.
- Equations show that two quantities are equal.
- Combine like terms and use the distributive property to simplify.
- Solve equations by keeping both sides balanced.
- Reflection: How can substitution help you check a solution?
Speaker notes: Review how expressions and equations are different. Invite students to explain one strategy they can use to solve or check an equation.