7/8 TLE-Technical Drafting Quarter 1 – Module 1: Use of Tools and Equipment (UT)
What’s In Technical drafting creates numerous job opportunities which are fit with the skills of their acquired course. It makes use of graphic language which includes line drawing from basic to complex of geometrical inclination. The idea is to present an object by means of drawing. Drawing of objects should be done with the proper use of hand tools and equipment in a certain task. Therefore, it is a must for a draftsman to familiarize himself with the various tools and equipment that are used in this field. The things that are used in Technical Drafting can actually be classified into tools, equipment, and materials. These three things work together in creating the draftsman’s output from his vision up to application. As a beginner in this field, you may find that these things will be your companion in doing technical drafting activities. Your drawing skills will be more enhanced as you precisely use the tools and equipment in an actual drafting job and as the lesson progresses. Through those perspectives, you may now have the privilege to start and explore this module! Notes to the Teacher The activities in this lesson are usually illustrations/images to grab the attention of the learner and at the same time help explain or make it memorable to them. Give him/her the needed support and guidance so that he/she will be able to perform the activities well in identifying hazards and risks indicator. 4
What’s New Analysing is one of the skills that a draftsman should possess. This should be displayed in order to closely examine the subject in its full details before the drawing is applied. To begin with, let us try your analysing ability. From the given illustrations of basic shapes below, can you randomly name the basic drawing tools and equipment that could possibly use from drawing them? 1) 2) 3) 4} 5) 5
What is It DRAFTING TOOLS These are handheld instruments that aids in accomplishing a task. In technical drafting, it is typically used to perform accurate or precise dimensions. It can also be termed as reusable for it can be used repeatedly on different drafting projects. You have to observe proper handling and caring for good quality results. Name Illustration Function Drawing Pencil This is one of the most important tools in drawing. It comes in various grades. The grade of pencil to be used depends on the quality of paper. You have to take into consideration also the type of line work required. The three pencil grades are as follows: 1) Hard pencils – These are used where extreme accuracy is required especially working on graphs, diagrams and charts. 2) Medium pencils – These are used for general purpose work in drawing. 3) Soft pencils – are too soft to be used in mechanical drafting. They are very useful for art work of various kinds. 6
Name Illustration Function Triangles It is a three-sided ruler, which typically has two equal sides meeting at a 90 degree angle and to a third side at 45, 30, including 60 degree angles. It is usually made of plastic and comes in different sizes. Triangles are typically used in drawing vertical lines and oblique lines. If in use, the base of the triangle must rest on the blade of the T-square. 30 degrees X 60 degrees triangle Drawing a line always starts from the point near the base going upward. The two types of triangle are as follows: 1) 30 degrees X 60 degrees 2) 45 degrees X 45 degrees 45 degrees X 45 degrees triangle This illustration shows how triangles work together with a T-square. 7
Name Illustration Function T-square It is a drawing instrument used when making horizontal lines as well as for guiding triangles when drawing vertical lines. Fixed Head It was called in such name because it resembles a capital letter T. It can be made of wood, plastic or the combination of both. There are three (3) types of Movable or Adjustable Head T-square, namely: 1) Fixed-Head - The head is fastened to the blade. It is used for ordinary work. 2) Movable Head or Adjustable Head. It has one fixed and one Detachable or Removable Head adjustable head and used only for occasional drawing. 3) Detachable Head or Removable Head. It is designed for comfort when carrying the T-square. This figure shows how a T-square should properly attached on the drawing board. 8
Name Illustration Function Triangular This is a tool generally Scale used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or reduced form to some regular proportion. The architect’s scale is the most commonly used for general drawing. Its main function is to reproduce the measurements of an object in full size, reduced size, and enlarged size. This figure shows a closer look of triangular scale. 9
Name Illustration Function Erasing This tool is made up of Shield plate with irregular holes. It is a useful tool to protect the rest of the drawing when clearing up smudges, unnecessary pencil lines and other erasures. Erasing shield can be made of plastic or metal. The illustrations show three kinds of erasing shield with different shape of holes used for suited erasing position. 10
Name Illustration Function Compass This drawing instrument is used when drawing regular curves such as arcs and circles. It is used in a similar way to a divider. It is composed of one with the pen leg and the needle point leg being held together with a handle. This drawing instrument can be used for both penciling and inking. This figure shows that a circle has been drawn using a compass. 11
Name Illustration Function Divider This is a drawing instrument used when transferring measurements, dividing lines and arcs into the desired number of equal parts. It can easily transfer accurate measurements by adjusting the divider points. Constant correct practice is necessary before doing an actual work for a quick and easy control when use. This illustration shows a divider in use. 12