Directions:  Fill out the necessary information properly. Read and analyze the instructions properly.  Answer only What I Can Do and Assessment. For What I Can Do, send the scanned copy to honeylyn.inocencio@depedzambales.ph

7/8

TLE-Technical Drafting
     Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Use of Tools and Equipment (UT)


               What’s In


Technical drafting creates numerous job opportunities which are fit with the skills
of their acquired course. It makes use of graphic language which includes line
drawing from basic to complex of geometrical inclination. The idea is to present an
object by means of drawing. Drawing of objects should be done with the proper use
of hand tools and equipment in a certain task. Therefore, it is a must for a
draftsman to familiarize himself with the various tools and equipment that are used
in this field.


The things that are used in Technical Drafting can actually be classified into tools,
equipment, and materials. These three things work together in creating the
draftsman’s output from his vision up to application.

As a beginner in this field, you may find that these things will be your companion
in doing technical drafting activities. Your drawing skills will be more enhanced as
you precisely use the tools and equipment in an actual drafting job and as the
lesson progresses.

Through those perspectives, you may now have the privilege to start and explore
this module!




                              Notes to the Teacher
        The activities in this lesson are usually illustrations/images to
        grab the attention of the learner and at the same time help
        explain or make it memorable to them. Give him/her the needed
        support and guidance so that he/she will be able to perform the
        activities well in identifying hazards and risks indicator.




                                         4


                What’s New


Analysing is one of the skills that a draftsman should possess. This should be
displayed in order to closely examine the subject in its full details before the
drawing is applied.

To begin with, let us try your analysing ability. From the given illustrations of basic
shapes below, can you randomly name the basic drawing tools and equipment that
could possibly use from drawing them?




      1)                                      2)




                         3)




      4}                                           5)




                                          5


               What is It


DRAFTING TOOLS
These are handheld instruments that aids in accomplishing a task. In technical
drafting, it is typically used to perform accurate or precise dimensions. It can also
be termed as reusable for it can be used repeatedly on different drafting projects.
You have to observe proper handling and caring for good quality results.

      Name                      Illustration                      Function




Drawing Pencil                                           This is one of the most
                                                         important tools in
                                                         drawing.

                                                         It comes in various
                                                         grades. The grade of pencil
                                                         to be used depends on the
                                                         quality of paper. You have
                                                         to take into consideration
                                                         also the type of line work
                                                         required.

                                                         The three pencil grades
                                                         are as follows:

                                                         1) Hard pencils – These
                                                         are used where extreme
                                                         accuracy is required
                                                         especially working on
                                                         graphs, diagrams and
                                                         charts.

                                                         2) Medium pencils –
                                                         These are used for general
                                                         purpose work in drawing.

                                                         3) Soft pencils – are too
                                                         soft to be used in
                                                         mechanical drafting. They
                                                         are very useful for art
                                                         work of various kinds.




                                         6


     Name              Illustration                    Function




Triangles                                      It is a three-sided ruler,
                                               which typically has two
                                               equal sides meeting at
                                               a 90 degree angle and to a
                                               third side at 45, 30,
                                               including 60 degree
                                               angles.

                                               It is usually made of
                                               plastic and comes in
                                               different sizes.

                                               Triangles are typically
                                               used in drawing vertical
                                               lines and oblique lines.

                                               If in use, the base of the
                                               triangle must rest on the
                                               blade of the T-square.
            30 degrees X 60 degrees triangle   Drawing a line always
                                               starts from the point near
                                               the base going upward.

                                               The two types of triangle
                                               are as follows:

                                               1) 30 degrees X 60 degrees

                                               2) 45 degrees X 45 degrees
            45 degrees X 45 degrees triangle




            This illustration shows how
            triangles work together with a
            T-square.




                                 7


   Name                Illustration                     Function




T-square                                       It is a drawing instrument
                                               used when making
                                               horizontal lines as well as
                                               for guiding triangles when
                                               drawing vertical lines.

                       Fixed Head              It was called in such name
                                               because it resembles a
                                               capital letter T.

                                               It can be made of wood,
                                               plastic or the combination
                                               of both.

                                               There are three (3) types of
                  Movable or Adjustable Head   T-square, namely:

                                               1) Fixed-Head - The head
                                               is fastened to the blade. It
                                               is used for ordinary work.

                                               2) Movable Head or
                                               Adjustable Head. It has
                                               one fixed and one
              Detachable or Removable Head     adjustable head and used
                                               only for occasional
                                               drawing.

                                               3) Detachable Head or
                                               Removable Head. It is
                                               designed for comfort when
                                               carrying the T-square.




           This figure shows how a T-square
           should properly attached on the
           drawing board.




                                  8


    Name                  Illustration                     Function




Triangular                                        This is a tool generally
Scale                                             used when reproducing a
                                                  drawing in an enlarged or
                                                  reduced form to some
                                                  regular proportion.

                                                  The architect’s scale is the
                                                  most commonly used for
                                                  general drawing.

                                                  Its main function is to
                                                  reproduce the
                                                  measurements of an
                                                  object in full size, reduced
                                                  size, and enlarged size.




             This figure shows a closer look of
             triangular scale.




                                      9


   Name                Illustration                          Function




Erasing                                             This tool is made up of
Shield                                              plate with irregular holes.

                                                    It is a useful tool to
                                                    protect the rest of the
                                                    drawing when clearing up
                                                    smudges, unnecessary
                                                    pencil lines and other
                                                    erasures.

                                                    Erasing shield can be
                                                    made of plastic or metal.




          The illustrations show three kinds of
          erasing shield with different shape of
          holes used for suited erasing position.




                                  10


   Name                Illustration                     Function




Compass                                         This drawing instrument
                                                is used when drawing
                                                regular curves such as
                                                arcs and circles.

                                                It is used in a similar way
                                                to a divider. It is
                                                composed of one with the
                                                pen leg and the needle
                                                point leg being held
                                                together with a handle.

                                                This drawing instrument
                                                can be used for both
                                                penciling and inking.




          This figure shows that a circle has
          been drawn using a compass.




                                  11


    Name                Illustration                      Function




Divider                                           This is a drawing
                                                  instrument used when
                                                  transferring
                                                  measurements, dividing
                                                  lines and arcs into the
                                                  desired number of equal
                                                  parts.

                                                  It can easily transfer
                                                  accurate measurements
                                                  by adjusting the divider
                                                  points.

                                                  Constant correct practice
                                                  is necessary before doing
                                                  an actual work for a quick
                                                  and easy control when
                                                  use.




           This illustration shows a divider in
           use.




                                    12


   Name                   Illustration                       Function




Protractor                                           It is a semi-circular
                                                     instrument divided into
                                                     180 equal parts, each of
                                                     which is called a degree.

                                                     This is used for
                                                     measuring and setting of
                                                     angles other than those
                                                     obtainable with the
                                                     triangles.

                                                     It can determine
                                                     gradations of the degrees
                                                     when measuring arcs,
                                                     angles and circles. High
                                                     quality protractor is
                                                     usually made of plastic.




             This figure shows various angles that
             can be measured by a protractor.




                                      13


   Name                 Illustration                        Function




Pencil                                             This is used in sharpening
Sharpener                                          pencil whenever they
                                                   show signs of
                                                   dullness.

                                                   It is recommended that a
                                                   pencil sharpener is sharp
                                                   enough to create a
                                                   pointed tip without
                                                   damaging the pencil.

                                                   Various types and designs
                                                   are available in the store
                                                   for use.

                                                   Some of the pencil
                                                   sharpener’s frame is made
                                                   of plastic. While some are
                                                   made of metal.

                                                   Its hole also has different
                                                   sizes in diameter to fit for
                                                   the various sizes of pencil.




            An old-fashioned pencil sharpener in
                           use.




                                   14


DRAFTING EQUIPMENT
These are used by the draftsman for drawing and designing purposes. Tools and
equipment are both use to make work easier, faster and in good quality. But while
tools are said to be handy, equipment on the other hand are significantly bigger
and need a wider space to manipulate and do drafting activities.

   Name                   Illustration                          Function




Drawing
                                                      A drafting equipment where
Table/Board
                                                      the drawing paper is being
                                                      attached on its flat surface to
                                                      do drafting works.
              This part of the drawing table serves
              as a compartment for storing some       The board of a drawing table
              of the drafting tools and materials.    is positioned at an angle of
                                                      considerable degree which
                                                      will make the draftsman
                                                      comfortable in doing his
                                                      drafting jobs.

                                                      Some of the drawing boards
                                                      are adjustable which it can
                                                      be placed parallel to the
                                                      ground to cover its
                                                      compartment.

                                                      The desks surface should be
                                                      kept clean to get rid of pencil
                                                      graphite smudges on to the
                                                      drawing paper.




              A rod which is part of the drawing
              table used to adjust the drawing
              board in a desired inclination
              suitable for drafting jobs.




                                         15


  Name       Illustration             Function




Computer                      Computers are considered
                              necessities now a day. The
                              types of computers we use
                              either at home or at work
                              comes in different names
                              such as workstations,
                              microcomputers, personal
                              computer, desktops and
                              laptops.

                              In technical drafting,
                              computers are very
                              essential equipment to
                              create, modify, analyse, or
                              optimize drawings
                              through Computer-aided
           Desktop Computer   design (CAD), also known
                              as computer-aided
                              drafting (CAD) or
                              computer-aided design
                              and drafting (CADD).

                              CAD is a powerful
                              software for technical
                              drafting. This is used to
                              accumulate the
                              draftsman’s productivity,
                              improve the quality of
                              design, produce a
                              database for
                              manufacturing and
                              improve communications
                              through documentation.

                              A draftsman should know
                              how to manipulate the
                              CAD software installed in
                              the computer to make his
                              designed object more
           Laptop Computer    presentable and modify
                              traditional drafting.




                        16


DRAFTING MATERIALS

Materials are things that are said to be consumables. Where it should be used
once, then replaced by another, once it was already been used. The most known
and commonly used material in drafting industry is the drawing paper. Here are
the lists of drafting materials with their illustrations, descriptions and functions.


      Name                      Illustration                      Function




Drawing Paper                                            This is where the
                                                         draftsman works on his
                                                         output.

                                                         Various types of drawing
                                Bond Paper               papers are available for
                                                         use but hard and soft
                                                         surface drawing papers
                                                         are highly recommended
                                                         to be the best.

                                                         This type does not groove
                                                         easily when pressure is
                                                         applied to the pencil. Oslo
                                                         paper is commonly used
                                                         but bond paper is also
                                 Oslo Paper              recommended.

                                                         Tracing paper is a thin
                                                         type of drawing paper
                                                         which is normally used in
                                                         architectural drawing.




                               Tracing Paper




                                         17


      Name                Illustration                       Function


Masking Tape
                                                    A paper type of adhesive
                                                    tape is useful for the
                                                    draftsman.

                                                    It is used for fastening the
                                                    corners of the drawing
                                                    paper on the slanting
                                                    drawing board to avoid it
                                                    from sliding on the floor.

                                                    This is preferred to use
                                                    because it does not
                                                    damage the board and it
                                                    will not damage the paper
                                                    when it is detached by
                                                    pulling it off.

               This illustration with red marking
               shows the actual usage of
               masking tape.


Soft Eraser
                                                    This is used to clean the
                                                    dirt off the drawing. Erase
                                                    the unnecessary lines and
                                                    enable corrections.

                                                    A soft eraser
                                                    is advantageous in
                                                    removing smudges and
                                                    pencil marks.

                                                    Whereas, a harder eraser
                                                    is useful for making
                                                    changes and correcting
                                                    errors in the drawing.

                                                    A gentle pressure on the
                                                    drawing paper should be
                                                    observed while using the
                                                    eraser.




                                   18


                 What’s More


Observe each line projection drawings on the chart below, and identify what
drafting tools, equipment or materials that are possibly used in drawing those. Give
three (3) answers on each item. Draw those lines as well, to further determine the
things that should be applied. Provide a separate sheet of paper for your answers.


                                                        Tools, equipment,
    Name of Line                 Drawing
                                                            materials



1. Horizontal Lines




2. Vertical Lines




3. Oblique Lines




4. Curve Lines




5. Angles




                                        19


               What I Have Learned

Complete the thought of each sentence by supplying the needed information from
the discussed lesson. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. A _______________ type of T-square has one fixed and one adjustable head and
   used only for occasional drawing.

2. Triangular Scale is a tool generally used when reproducing a drawing in an
   ____________ or reduced form to some regular proportion. The architect’s scale is
   the most commonly used for general drawing. Its main function is to reproduce
   the measurements of an object in full size, reduced size, or enlarged size.

3. Drafting Table or Drawing Board is a drafting equipment where the
  _______________ is being attached on its flat surface to do drafting work. The
  desks surface should be kept clean to get rid of pencil graphite smudges on to
  the drawing paper.

4. It is recommended to use a _______________ for fastening the drawing paper on
   the drawing table or drawing board because it does not damage the board and it
   will not damage the paper if it is removed by pulling it off when you are finished
   with your drawings.

5. A _______________ is used to clean the dirt off the drawing. It is also used to
   remove unnecessary lines such as construction or sketch lines from the final
   draft.

6. The _______________ type of pencil grade is used where extreme accuracy is
   required especially working on graphs, diagrams and charts. These are also used
   for construction lines.

7. The tool which is made up of a flat sheet of metal with different sizes/shapes of
   holes and a useful tool to protect the rest of the drawing when clearing up
   smudges, unnecessary pencil lines and other erasures is called _______________.

8. Protractor is used to determine gradations of the degrees when measuring arcs,
  angles and circles. High quality protractor is usually made of plastic. It is a
  semi-circular instrument divided into _______________ equal parts, each of which
  is called a degree.


9. The _______________ is a drawing tool used when transferring measurements,
   dividing lines and arcs into the desired number of equal parts. It can easily
   transfer accurate measurements by adjusting the divider points.


10. A pencil grade which is used for general purpose work in drawing is
  called _______________.


                                         20


Directions: ANSWER ME! Type the correct answer on the box. Capitalize the first letter of your answer. If the answer is two words, capitalize the first letter of each. Ex: Protractor

Directions: ANSWER ME!  Follow the instructions and send the scanned copy of your output at honeylyn.inocencio@depedzambales.ph

               What I Can Do

Follow the instructions on each number and enumerate the possible hand tools,
equipment and materials to be used. Use a separate drawing paper and answer
sheet.

   1. Draw a vertical line measured 3 centimetres (cm) in height. Along the
      vertical line is five horizontal lines attached from it. The horizontal
      lines should be at an identical length of 2 centimetres (cm) and
      parallel with 5 millimetres (mm) apart from each other.

   2. Make two lines forming an angle of 30 degrees and another set of two
      lines forming 60-degree angle.

   3. Illustrate a rectangle with a height of 2 centimetres (cm) and a length
      of 5 centimetres (cm). Divide the length of the rectangle with vertical
      lines in 5 equal parts.

   4. Draw an isosceles triangle where the two sides should be drawn on
      both 45-degree angles.

   5. Draw a circle with a diameter of 5 cm. Inside the circle, draw a
      horizontal line and a vertical line that intersects at the center.



               Assessment

I. Identify the following drafting tools, equipment and materials from the functions
given on each item. Provide a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

_______________ 1. It is considered as essentials for running the software that uses
                   either vector-based graphics to depict the objects of traditional
                   drafting.
_______________ 2. It is used for actual drawing of objects which comes in three
                   grade classifications namely hard grade, medium grade, and soft
                   grade.
_______________ 3. This has a plane smooth surface where the draftsman draws on
                   his output.
_______________ 4. Its function is to draw regular curves such as circles and arcs
                   which composed of a pen leg and a needle point leg on the other
                   end.
_______________ 5. This keeps the pencil’s tip pointed and away from showing any
                   signs of dullness.


                                        21


Directions: ANSWER ME! Type the correct answer in the box provided beside each picture.  Choose the answer from the box below. Classify whether they are tools, equipment or materials. Ex: Drawing Pencil-T.

II. Identify the name of the following illustrations from word pool below, and
   classify each whether these are tools, equipment or materials. Provide a separate
   paper for your answer.


E.g. Triangles – Tool



     T-square        Masking Tape         Divider         Triangular Scale
     Protractor      Laptop Computer      Compass         Drawing Table
     Triangle        Erasing Shield       Soft Eraser     Desktop Computer




1)                                            6)




2)                                            7)




3)                                            8)




4)                                            9)




5)                                            10)




                                        22


7/8

TLE-Technical Drafting
     Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Use of Tools and Equipment (UT)