- Biology
- 12 Grade Melva Guerra
9. Which of the following is not a category in which bones are classified? a. Regular c. Short b. Long d. Irregular 10. Which of the following nutrients are essential for healthy bone growth? a. Vitamin A c. Iron b. Calcium d. Vitamin K 11. A side to side or lateral curvature of the spine is _______________. a. Scoliosis c. Kyphosis b. Lordosis d. Sacrosis 12. The lower jawbone is also known as the ________________. a. Maxilla c. Clavicle b. Mandible d. Sternum 13. Which of the following nutrients are essential for healthy bone growth? a. Vitamin A c. Iron b. Calcium d. Vitamin K 14. The three types of muscles are ___________, __________ & _____________. a. Muscles, heart and rough c. Heart, quadriceps, biceps b. Smooth, cardiac and skeletal d. Smooth, rough, voluntary 15. Arthritis is caused by an inflammation in the ______________. a. Ligaments c. Joints b. Cartilage d. Muscles Section B – Short Answer 1. The diagram below shows some of the bones and muscles in a human leg. They work in a similar way to the bones and muscles in the arm. a. Give the letter of each of the following: [3pts] i. A tendon __________ ii. A bone __________ iii. A muscle that will bend (flex) the leg at the knee joint when it contracts ________ b. Describe what will happen when muscle Y contracts. [2pt] ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ c. Which muscle will relax when muscle Y contracts[1pt] ____________________ d. The knee joint is a synovial joint. Describe how friction is reduced at a synovial joint. [2pts] ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ e. List two other types of joints found in the human body. [2pts] ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
2. Skeletal System a. The diagram below shows the structure of a long bone. i. Identify the parts labelled A and B. Write your answers on the space provided on the diagram. [2pts] ii. State one benefit of bones being hollow rather than solid. ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ [1pt] iii. Based on the shape of the long bone shown in the diagram, identify the possible name of the bone being represented. ___________________________ [1pt] iv. On the diagram, label the area where cartilage can be found by placing the label line with the letter C. [1pt] v. State the function of cartilage. [1pt] ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ [1pt] b. The diagram below shows the muscles, bones and joints of the upper arm. i. What is the name of the muscle identified by letter B? _________________________________ [1pt] ii. Identify the type of joint labelled D. _________________________________ [1pt] iii. State the name given to the pair of muscles labelled B and F. _________________________________ [1pt]