What led to the escalating tensions between Athens and Sparta?
A) Economic disputes over trade routes
B) Athens' growing power and imperial ambitions
C) Religious conflicts
D) Territorial disputes in Asia Minor
How did the roles of women in Athens and Sparta differ?
A) Spartan women had more rights and responsibilities, including managing estates, while Athenian women had very limited roles outside the home.
B) Athenian women were allowed to manage estates and participate in politics, while Spartan women had fewer rights.
C) Both Athenian and Spartan women had equal roles in managing public affairs.
D) Spartan women had no significant roles in society, while Athenian women were actively involved in trade and economics.
Ancient Greece
Mountains divided the Greeks into independent city-states, like Athens & Sparta
Access to the sea increased trade & cultural diffusion (sharing ideas) with other cultures
The Greek city-states, especially Athens, developed cultural innovations that are still used today which transformed Greece into a “classical civilization”
Wars
Greek wealth & innovation made it a target to outside invasion; From 493 B.C. to 479 B.C., Persian kings Darius & Xerxes tried (but failed) to conquer the Greeks in the Persian Wars
After the Persian Wars, the Greek city-states, led by rivals Athens & Sparta, fought each other in the Peloponnesian Wars
The Peloponnesian Wars left the Greeks weak & open to invasion
Athenian Expansion: Athens' growing power and imperial ambitions threatened Spartan dominance.
Economic Tensions: Athenian control over trade and economic sanctions on Spartan allies created friction.
Political Differences: Athens' democracy clashed with Sparta's militaristic oligarchy, fostering mutual distrust.
Alliance Conflicts: Disputes among allies of both Athens and Sparta escalated into larger confrontations.
Fear of Hegemony: Sparta and its allies feared Athenian dominance over Greece, prompting military action.
The war lasted for 27 years
Sparta Victory
Macedonians viewed themselves as Greeks & shared much of their culture; King Philip II hired Aristotle to tutor his son Alexander
In 338 B.C., King Philip II of Macedonia attacked & conquered the Greeks, but he died soon after
King Philip II of Macedonia attacked and conquered the Greeks, and he continued to rule for several more decades.