HISTORY 0470/12 Paper 1 December/2021 2 hours No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST An answer booklet is provided inside this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet. Answer four questions. Section A (Core Content) Answer any two questions. Section B (Depth Studies) Answer any two question. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part q
QUESTION ONE Many countries contributed to rising tension in Europe in the early years of the twentieth century. (a) What was the Bosnian crisis of 1908? [4mks] (b) Why did Britain take part in a naval race with Germany in the early years of the twentieth century? [6mks]
(c) ‘The rise of Serbia was the most important cause of the outbreak of war in 1914.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10mks] QUESTIONTWO Achieving success at the Paris peace negotiations was difficult. (a) What did Lloyd George want to achieve for Britain from the Paris peace negotiations? [4mks]
(b) Why did Lloyd George find it difficult to achieve his aims at the Paris peace negotiations? [6mks] (c) ‘Military restrictions were the main reason for German dissatisfaction with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10mks]
QUESTION THREE International peace had collapsed by 1939. (a) In what ways did Hitler undermine the Treaty of Versailles between 1933 and 1936? [4mks] (b) Why did some people argue that the policy of appeasement was a good idea? [6mks]
(c) ‘Decisions taken at Munich in 1938 were more important in bringing about war than Hitler’s aggression against Poland.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10mks] QUESTION FOUR Following the end of hostilities in 1945, differences between the USA and the USSR surfaced. (a) What was discussed at the Yalta Conference? [4mks]
(b) Why did Roosevelt’s death after the Yalta Conference affect what happened at the Potsdam Conference? [6mks] (c) ‘Blame for the Cold War rests with Stalin rather than with Truman.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10mks]
SECTION B: DEPTH STUDY Answer any two question from this Section. DEPTH STUDY A: THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 1914–18 QUESTION ONE War was conducted on a number of fronts. (a) What happened at the Battle of Jutland? [4MKS] (b) Why did Russia suffer defeats on the Eastern Front? [6MKS] (c) ‘Poor leadership was the main reason for the Allied failure at Gallipoli.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10MKS]
QUESTION TWO Germany launched the Ludendorff Offensive in March 1918. (a) Describe the initial success of the Ludendorff Offensive. [4MKS] (b) Why were the Allies able to defeat the Ludendorff Offensive? [6MKS]
(c) ‘Revolution in Germany was the main reason for Germany signing the armistice.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer [10 MKS]