END TERM EXAMS YEAR 11

QUESTION 3 Source 1: Data Two main types of international transport are by air and sea. Global international travel is changing. This is shown in the table below. Table 1 – Approximate number of air passengers (in billions) worldwide, 1990–2020 Source 2: International travel is changing International travel is rapidly changing and with this there will be consequences – economic, social and cultural. For example, technological change has enabled larger and more fuel-efficient ships to be built. As a result, the transportation of people by ship has increased. Improvements in technology are also taking place in other forms of international transport. At the same time, people in many parts of the world are becoming richer and enjoying higher levels of education. In addition to this the media and the internet have increased awareness of other cultures and different environments. For example television documentaries about world wildlife are shown in many countries. All of these reasons mean that people are more interested in international travel and holidays than in the past. Extract from an article in a travel magazine Source 3: International travel has benefits International travel has many benefits, including trade and tourism. We should celebrate the opportunities that international trade and tourism bring to everyone. Trade between nations is increasing. The United Nations provides many statistics that prove this point. It now costs less to travel long distances than in the past. This brings new wealth and prosperity by providing employment to many people. Governments also have more income from taxes to spend on health and education. Tourism is wonderful. We can have holidays in different countries and learn about other cultures. This encourages tolerance and respect for other perspectives and ways of life. I have seen this in my work as a manager in the tourist industry. Extract from a website promoting tourism

Source 4: Internet reviews of a tourist attraction Miguel Everyone should visit the castle. It’s easy to get there and open to everyone all year. I think this place is brilliant and was the best part of our trip. I learnt a lot about the history of northern Africa and its trade between countries. I didn’t know pirates were so common until I came to the exhibition. It was very educational. Everyone who visits will learn a lot. The people in costumes at the castle displayed local customs, crafts and dances from the past and present. You could pay to see a show about what life was like and how it has changed. It was expensive but worth it. Learning that some people still eat insects made me feel sick! My mother thinks that the castle is great too. Donna The castle is really interesting to see – but don’t go! It needs to be protected from tourists invading the place. Busloads of people arrive every day, taking photos, buying gifts and spoiling the atmosphere. They block the roads around my house. Too many feet are causing damage to the building and its environment – the site needs protection from so many people. Some tourists are scratching their names on the castle walls. The effect of light and moisture is causing damage to historical paintings and documents. Even one of the guides said that the paintings will be destroyed soon. This is like the damage done to the prehistoric cave paintings in France where people now have to look at copies and they limit the number of visitors. The way of life of local people is also threatened. The show about the local culture may provide

employment, but the material is stereotyped and misleading. The damage to my local community by this type of activity is being studied by the company I work for. Read the information in the accompanying Resource Booklet and answer all questions. 1 Study Sources 1 to 3. 1 (a) Identify the number of cruise ship passengers in 2015, from Source 1. (1mk) ................................................................................................................................................... ......... .......................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) Identify two benefits of growth in sea transportation, from Source 2. (2mks) ............................................................................................................................................................ . ...................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................ .. ..................................................................................................................................................................... ... .................................................................................................................................................................... .... [1] (c) Which disadvantage of growth in sea transportation do you think is the most significant? Explain why (3mks) ....................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................ (d) Explain one national and one global consequence of the growth in sea transportation. (6mks) National consequence: .................................................................................................................................................. .................... ............................................................................................................................... ........................................ ........................................................................................................... ............................................................ ....................................................................................... ................................................................................ ................................................................... .................................................................................................... ...............................................

Global consequence: ................................................................................. .................................................................. ..................................................................................................... .............................................. ......................................................................................................................... .......................... ............................................................................................................................................. ...... ................................................................................................................................................... ............. ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Study Source 3. (a) ‘Shipping harms the environment.’ What are the strengths and weaknesses of the argument supporting this claim? (6mks) ................................................................................................................................................... ........ ........................................................................................................................................... ............................ ....................................................................................................................... ................................................ ................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................... ........................................................................................ ........................................................... ............................................................................................................ ....................................... ................................................................................................................................ ................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .................... ............................................................................................................................... ........................................ ........................................................................................................... (b) ‘Tourism brings jobs to local people.’ How could you test this claim? You should consider the types of information, sources of evidence or methods you might use. (8mks) ................................................................................................................................................... ........ ........................................................................................................................................... ............................ ....................................................................................................................... ................................................ ................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................... ........................................................................................ ........................................................... ............................................................................................................ ....................................... ................................................................................................................................ ................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .................... ............................................................................................................................... ........................................ ........................................................................................................... ............................................................ ....................................................................................... ................................................................................ ................................................................... .................................................................................................... ............................................... ........................................................................................................................ ........................... 3 Study Source 4.

[1](a) Identify one prediction from Kiri’s statement. (1mk) ................................................................................................................................................... .................... ............................................................................................................................... [1] (b) Identify one fact from Tane’s statement. (1mk) ................................................................................................................................................... .......... ......................................................................................................................................... [1] (c) Explain why Tane’s statement might be biased. (3mks) ................................................................................................................................................... ........ ........................................................................................................................................... ............................ ....................................................................................................................... ................................................ ................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................................................... ........................................................................................ ........................................................... (d) Which argument is more convincing, Kiri’s or Tane’s? Your answer should consider both arguments and you should support your point of view with their words. You should also consider: • the strength of their reasoning and evidence • their use of language • the different types of information used. (15mks) ................................................................................................................................................... ...... ............................................................................................................................................. .......................... ......................................................................................................................... .............................................. ..................................................................................................... .................................................................. ................................................................................. ...................................................................................... ............................................................. .......................................................................................................... ......................................... .............................................................................................................................. ..................... .................................................................................................................................................. . ................................................................................................................................................... .................. ................................................................................................................................. ...................................... ............................................................................................................. .......................................................... ......................................................................................... .............................................................................. ..................................................................... .................................................................................................. ................................................. ...................................................................................................................... ............................. .......................................................................................................................................... ......... ................................................................................................................................................... ..........

......................................................................................................................................... .............................. ..................................................................................................................... .................................................. ................................................................................................. ...................................................................... ............................................................................. .......................................................................................... ......................................................... 4 A local community wants to reduce pollution of the sea-coast and beaches in the area. The following actions are being considered: • organise community volunteers to clean local beaches every week • visit schools to raise awareness about pollution of the sea • ask the government to make dumping of waste at sea illegal. Which one of these actions would you recommend to the community, and why? In your answer, you should: • state your recommendation • give reasons to support your choice • use the material in the sources and/or any of your own ideas • consider different arguments and perspectives. (24mks) .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... ............. ............................................................................................................................................. .......................... ................................................................................................................................ ....................................... ................................................................................................................... .................................................... ...................................................................................................... ................................................................. ......................................................................................... .............................................................................. ............................................................................ ........................................................................................... ............................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................... .................................................................................................................................. ........................ ............................................................................................................................................... ........... .......................................................................................................................................................... . ......................................................................................................................................................... .............. ............................................................................................................................................ ........................... ............................................................................................................................... ........................................ .................................................................................................................. ..................................................... ..................................................................................................... .................................................................. ........................................................................................ ............................................................................... ........................................................................... ............................................................................................ .............................................................. .........................................................................................................

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