Name Lesson 1 Summary Use with pp. 7–9 Lesson 1: What are the main parts of a plant? Vocabulary system a set of parts that work together What All Living Things Need The leaves change carbon dioxide and Most living things need food, air, water, water into sugar. The plant uses the sugar and space to live and grow. Plants and to live and grow. When leaves make sugar, animals have needs. Animals need to eat they also make a gas. This gas is called plants or other animals for food. Plants can oxygen. Oxygen goes out of the plant make their own food. To make their food, through the same tiny holes in the leaves. plants need energy from the Sun. Plants Other Ways Leaves Help Plants also need air, water, and soil. Most plants Leaves help plants get the water they have four main parts. These parts are need. Sometimes plants get too much leaves, roots, stems, and flowers. water. When this happens, the plant lets Why Plants Need Leaves some water out through the tiny holes in its A plant’s leaves make up its leaf system. leaves. Some plants that live in dry places A system is made up of parts that work have leaves covered with wax or fuzz. This together. Leaves are different shapes and helps the plant keep the water in. sizes. They make food for plants. The food Some plants have leaves that are they make is a kind of sugar. poisonous, sharp, or tough to chew. This Leaves use sunlight, carbon dioxide, helps protect the plants from bugs or and water to make food. Carbon dioxide animals that might eat it. is a gas in the air. Carbon dioxide goes into the leaves through tiny holes in the leaves. Water from the soil enters the plant through the plant’s roots and stems. © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 2 Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Summary Quick Study
Name Lesson 1 Checkpoint Use with pp. 7–9 Lesson 1 Checkpoint 1. What do plants and animals need to live? 2. List the main parts of most plants. 3. How does a leaf help a plant live? 4. Compare and Contrast Describe ways that leaves are alike and different. Use a graphic organizer. © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Quick Study Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Checkpoint 3
Name Lesson 2 Summary Use with pp. 10–13 Lesson 2: Why do plants need roots and stems? How Roots Help Plants How Stems Help Plants A plant’s root system is usually below the A plant’s stems hold up its leaves, ground. We cannot see a plant’s roots. The flowers, and fruits. Tubes in the plant stems roots hold the plant in the ground. Roots move water and minerals from the roots take in water and minerals from the soil. to the leaves. These tubes also move food Minerals are materials in the soil. They from the leaves to the stems and roots. help plants grow. Roots also store food that Different plants have different kinds of plants make. stems. Some stems are thin. They grow Different plants have different kinds of along the ground. These stems can grow roots. Some plants have one large root roots and a new plant. Some stems grow that grows deep in the soil. This is called and wrap around poles that hold up the a taproot. Carrots and dandelions have plant. taproots. Cactus stems can be very fat. Cactus Tiny root hairs grow from the tips of stems store water. They get fatter as they roots. They help the plant take in water store more water. They get thinner as the and minerals. The root hairs grow far into plant uses the water. Cactus stems have a the soil to reach water. Water goes through thick, waxy covering. This helps the cactus tubes to the plant’s stem and leaves. plant keep in water and live in a desert. On hot days, the sun and hot air can dry Like roots, parts of some stems grow out a plant. The plant loses water through under the ground. A potato is part of the its leaves. The root system must take in stem of the potato plant. It gets fatter as it enough water to replace the water it loses. stores food. Underground stems can grow new stems. These stems grow from buds. The bud of a potato is called an “eye.” The underground stems grow up through the soil. They become new potato plants. Some stems have thorns or hairs that sting. This helps protect the stem from hungry animals that might eat it. © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 4 Chapter 1, Lesson 2 Summary Quick Study
Name Lesson 2 Checkpoint Use with pp. 10–13 Lesson 2 Checkpoint 1. How do roots help a plant? 2. How do stems help a plant? 3. How are roots and stems alike and different? © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Quick Study Chapter 1, Lesson 2 Checkpoint 5
Name Lesson 3 Summary Use with pp. 14–17 Lesson 3: How are plants grouped? Vocabulary deciduous loses its leaves in the fall and grows new ones in the spring pollinate move pollen from the part of a flower that makes pollen to the part of a flower that makes seeds coniferous does not lose its needle-like leaves in the fall Flowering Plants Coniferous Trees Trees and herbs are both plants. But trees Coniferous trees do not lose their leaves and herbs are in different groups. Plants in in the fall. They have cones instead of each group have different kinds of roots, flowers. The cones make seeds. The leaves stems, leaves, and flowers. Trees have stiff, of coniferous trees look like needles or woody stems to help hold them up. They brushes. Some coniferous trees are pine, fir, can grow very large. The stems of herbs spruce, and hemlock. do not have wood. They grow close to the ground. In the fall, many herbs die. Only Two Types of Cones the roots stay alive. In the spring, herbs Pine cones come from coniferous trees. grow a new stem and leaves. But on trees, Coniferous trees make two kinds of pine only the leaves die and fall off in the fall. cones. They make big and small cones. The The tree grows new leaves in the spring. small cones make pollen. The big cones Trees that lose their leaves are deciduous. make seeds. Wind blows pollen from the small pollen cones to the large seed cones. Making Seeds When pollen attaches to the seed cone, a Flowers make seeds. Flowers have petals. seed begins to grow. Flowers also have parts that make pollen Seeds grow inside the seed cones. When or seeds. Bees and other animals pollinate the seeds are ripe, they fall to the ground. a flower. They move pollen to the flower If the temperature, soil, and water are good part that makes seeds. The wind can also for the seeds, they can begin to grow. They pollinate a flower. may grow into trees. After bees pollinate the flower, seeds form near the center of the flower. A fruit grows around the seeds to protect them. © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 6 Chapter 1, Lesson 3 Summary Quick Study
Name Lesson 3 Checkpoint Use with pp. 14–17 Lesson 3 Checkpoint 1. Describe how a flower makes a seed. 2. What are two ways to group plants? 3. Describe two kinds of plant parts that can make seeds. © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Quick Study Chapter 1, Lesson 3 Checkpoint 7
Name Lesson 4 Summary Use with pp. 18–21 Lesson 4: How do new plants grow? Vocabulary seed leaf part of a seed that has stored food germinate begin to grow seedling a new, small plant that grows from a seed Scattering Seeds Germinating and Growing Seeds are spread or scattered in different Seeds come in different sizes, shapes, and ways. Wind or water can move seeds from colors. But all seeds have the same parts. one place to another. Animals eat fruit with All seeds can grow into new plants. seeds. Then the animals carry the seeds to Every seed has a seed coat to protect the new places. The seeds move through the inside of the seed. There is a tiny new plant animal’s body and drop to the ground. inside each seed. All seeds have a seed Some seeds stick to the fur of an animal or leaf. The plant uses food in the seed leaf to to a person’s clothing. Seeds often move far help it grow. away from the plant they came from. Seeds need certain things to germinate, Wind carries seeds that are very light. or begin to grow. They need the right Many seeds have special parts that help temperature, the right amount of water, them float far away. The seeds can go a and air. If a seed has these things, it long way if the wind is strong. begins to sprout. The seed breaks open and a young plant begins to grow. This Special Ways of Releasing Seeds small plant is a seedling. The seedling Some kinds of pine cones need to be grows and comes out of the soil. Then heated to drop their seeds. Forest fires heat the seedling grows leaves. The leaves cones so they drop seeds. Forest fires also use sunlight to make sugar for food. The remove plants around the trees. This makes seedling grows into an adult plant with space for the seeds to grow. flowers. The flowers are pollinated. They make new seeds. Then the seeds grow into new plants. This is the plant’s life cycle. © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 8 Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Summary Quick Study
Name Lesson 4 Checkpoint Use with pp. 18–21 Lesson 4 Checkpoint 1. What are two ways that animals scatter seeds? 2. What are the parts of a seed? 3. Describe the life cycle of a plant starting with a seed being planted. © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Quick Study Chapter 1, Lesson 4 Checkpoint 9
Name Lesson 5 Summary Use with pp. 22–25 Lesson 5: How are plants from the past like today’s plants? Vocabulary fossil the remains or marks of a living thing from long ago extinct no longer lives on Earth Plants That Lived Long Ago Plants Change Over Time We study fossils to learn about plants Plant fossils show us that the first plants that lived long ago. A fossil is the remains did not have flowers or cones. Many of the or mark of a living thing from long ago. first plants were like ferns and horsetails. A plant fossil is a mark made by a plant. The Earth changed over time. The plants The plant part died and was pressed into changed too. Trees with pine cones began mud. An outline of the plant was made in to grow. Then plants with flowers grew. the mud. The mud got hard. Over time the Many of the first plants have disappeared. mud turned into rock. They do not grow on Earth today. Petrified wood is wood that turns into Magnolias were one of the first plants stone. This takes a very long time. Petrified with flowers. They have survived from long wood starts to form when a tree falls into ago. When magnolias first grew, the world a river. In the river, the tree gets filled with was warm and wet all year. Dinosaurs were water. The tree gets buried in mud. Over everywhere. Magnolias grew thick leaves. time, minerals fill in tiny spaces in the They had leaves all year. Over many wood of the trees. After a very long time, years, magnolias changed. Today, some the wood turns into stone. The stone has magnolias are deciduous. This means they exactly the same shape as the original lose their leaves in the fall. But their leaves wood. and flowers look similar to magnolias that Many kinds of plants that lived long ago lived many years ago. The magnolia flower are no longer alive today. They are extinct. has not changed for 100 million years. For example, ferns today look different from the ferns that lived long ago. © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 10 Chapter 1, Lesson 5 Summary Quick Study
Name Lesson 5 Checkpoint Use with pp. 22–25 Lesson 5 Checkpoint 1. What can scientists learn by studying fossils? 2. What is an extinct plant? 3. How do scientists learn about plants that are extinct? 4. Compare and Contrast How are extinct magnolias alike and different from magnolias alive today? Use a graphic organizer to show your answer. © Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Quick Study Chapter 1, Lesson 5 Checkpoint 11