Name                                                                    Date

Principles of Ecology
Section 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships

 Main Idea                  Details

                           Skim Section 1 of the chapter. Write two questions that come to
                           mind from the headings and illustration captions.




           New
           Vocabulary        Use the vocabulary words in the left margin to complete the graphic
                             organizer below. List the biological levels from largest to smallest.

         abiotic factor     Levels of Organization

  biological community

                biome

             biosphere

          biotic factor

        commensalism       Compare the terms in the tables by defining them side by side.




                                                                                                     Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
               ecology      habitat                            niche

            ecosystem

               habitat
                            abiotic factor                     biotic factor
            mutualism

                 niche

            parasitism

            population
                            symbiosis
             predation
                            commensalism           mutualism               parasitism
             symbiosis
                                                                                                     Inc.




                            predation


12 Principles of Ecology


                                                                            Name                                                                       Date

                                                                            Section 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationship                    (continued)


                                                                             Main Idea                        Details

                                                                                          Ecology        Create a journal entry. Imagine that you are an ecologist. Choose
                                                                            I found this information     one plant or animal in nature and write three relationships of that
                                                                            on page                 .    organism in its environment.
                                                                                                         Journal Entry                                       Date
                                                                                                         Organism
                                                                                                         1.




                                                                                                         2.


                                                                                                         3.



                                                                                The Biosphere            Sequence the abiotic and biotic factors. Write abiotic or biotic in
                                                                            I found this information     each square.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,




                                                                            on page                 .
                                                                                                              1. lack of             2. dry soil                3. certain
                                                                                                                 rainfall                                          plants die



                                                                                                                                                            6. the population
                                                                                                              4. rivers           5. animals do                of a species
                                                                                                                 dry up              not reproduce             diminishes




                                                                                     Levels of           Identify each level of organization that is described.
                                                                                  Organization                              a group of organisms of all the same species
                                                                             I found this information
                                                                                                                            interacting populations
                                                                            on page                  .
Inc.




                                                                                                                            an individual living thing made of cells
                                                                                                                            all the different populations in a community
                                                                                                                            a large group of organisms that share the same
                                                                                                                             climate and have similar types of communities

                                                                                                                                                      Principles of Ecology 13


Name                                                                 Date

Section 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships (continued)

 Main Idea                   Details

         Ecosystem          Model a community with several organisms. Show two organisms
       Interactions         occupying the same niche. Below your sketch, explain why those
                            two organisms cannot usually occupy the same niche for long.
I found this information
on page                 .




        Community           Rephrase mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism in your
       Interactions         own words. Provide an example of each term.




                                                                                             Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
I found this information
                            1.
on page                 .


                            2.

                            3.


   S UMMARIZE           Bacteria live inside our bodies. Analyze helpful, neutral, and
 harmful things that bacteria do while living in our bodies. Incorporate the terms
 parasitism, mutualism, habitat, and niche in your discussion.
                                                                                             Inc.




14 Principles of Ecology


Name                                                                 Date

Worms and Mollusks
Section 25.1 Flatworms

 Main Idea                    Details
                         Scan the illustrations and read the captions in Section 1 of the
                         chapter. List three characteristics of flatworms that you discovered.

                         1.

                         2.

                         3.

          Review
          Vocabulary          Use your book or dictionary to define acoelomate.

          acoelomate

          New
          Vocabulary          Use your book or dictionary to define each term.

          flame cells




                                                                                                 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
            ganglion




             pharynx




           proglottid




         regeneration
                                                                                                 Inc.




               scolex




256 Worms and Mollusks


                                                                            Name                                                                 Date

                                                                            Section 25.1 Flatworms           (continued)


                                                                             Main Idea                    Details
                                                                              Body Structure            Summarize facts about flatworms in the table.
                                                                            I found this information
                                                                            on page                 .   Size Range                       Number of Species


                                                                                                        Preferred Environments           Adaptations for Movement of
                                                                                                                                         Free-living Flatworm




                                                                                                        Diet of a Free-living Flatworm   Symmetry

                                                                                                        What Happens When                Adaptations for Parasitic
                                                                                                        Free-living Flatworms            Lifestyle
                                                                                                        Are Damaged




                                                                                                        Model a flatworm. Label at least nine body parts.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc.




                                                                                                                                               Worms and Mollusks      257


Name                                                                      Date

Section 25.1 Flatworms               (continued)


 Main Idea                       Details
       Diversity of            Identify the correct flatworm class for each characteristic below
        Flatworms              and write it in the appropriate box. Some characteristics may
I found this information       belong in more than one class.
on page                 .                  •   parasitic                   •   flukes
                                           •   free-living                 •   auricles
                                           •   scolex                      •   proglottids
                                           •   eyespots                    •   planaria

                                Classes of Flatworms
                                   Trematodes                Cestodes             Turbellarians




                               Model the life cycle of a fluke.




                                                                                                   Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,




    CONNECT                 Identify and describe a human disorder that tapeworms and flukes
 can cause.
  Group                                            Human Disorder Caused
                                                                                                   Inc.




258 Worms and Mollusks


                                                                            Name                                                                  Date

                                                                            Worms and Mollusks
                                                                            Section 25.2 Roundworms and Rotifers

                                                                             Main Idea                    Details
                                                                                                     Scan Section 2 of the chapter. Use the checklist as a guide.

                                                                                                          Read all the section titles.

                                                                                                          Read all boldfaced words.

                                                                                                          Look at all illustrations and read the captions.

                                                                                                          Think about what you already know about worms.

                                                                                                     Write three facts that you discovered about roundworms and rotifers.

                                                                                                     1.

                                                                                                     2.

                                                                                                     3.

                                                                                      Review
                                                                                      Vocabulary          Use your book or dictionary to define cilia.

                                                                                             cilia
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,




                                                                                       New
                                                                                       Vocabulary         Use your book or dictionary to define each term. Then write a
                                                                                                          sentence using the word to show its scientific meaning.

                                                                              hydrostatic skeleton




                                                                                       trichinosis
Inc.




                                                                                                                                                Worms and Mollusks        259


Name                                                                   Date

Section 25.2 Roundworms and Rotifers (continued)

 Main Idea                    Details
  Body Structure            Organize information about roundworms by filling in the chart
  of Roundworms             below.
I found this information    Phylum:                            Symmetry:
on page                 .

                            Habitats:


                            Body shape:


                            Food:


                            Digestive tract of free-living forms:


                            Circulatory and respiratory organs:


                            Stimuli they can detect:




                                                                                            Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
                            Reproduction method:               Type of fertilization:




                            Analyze the movement of roundworms.

                            Roundworm Movement
                            Thrashing
                            Movement
                                                                                            Inc.




                            Role of
                            Pseudocoelom




260 Worms and Mollusks


                                                                            Name                                                                     Date

                                                                            Section 25.2 Roundworms and Rotifers                     (continued)


                                                                             Main Idea                    Details
                                                                                   Diversity of         Identify the roundworm that matches each description.
                                                                                  Roundworms
                                                                                                         Animal                                Description
                                                                            I found this information
                                                                                                                          most common roundworm parasite in the U.S.
                                                                            on page                 .
                                                                                                                          enters the human body through bare feet
                                                                                                                          world’s most common roundworm infection
                                                                                                                          carried by infected, undercooked pork
                                                                                                                          causes plant diseases
                                                                                                                          mosquito acts as intermediate host


                                                                                                        Identify a negative and a positive effect of nematodes on plants.

                                                                                                        Negative:



                                                                                                        Positive:
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,




                                                                                         Rotifers
                                                                            I found this information    Analyze the cilia of rotifers by completing the graphic organizer below.
                                                                            on page                 .
                                                                                                         Locations:                                      Uses:
                                                                                                                                                         1.
                                                                                                         1.                            Cilia
                                                                                                                                                         2.




                                                                                CONNECT           Compare the digestive tracts of roundworms with those in free-
                                                                             living flatworms. What does the comparison suggest about the probable evolutionary
                                                                             history of roundworms?
Inc.




                                                                                                                                                   Worms and Mollusks       261


Name                                                                 Date

Worms and Mollusks
Section 25.3 Mollusks

 Main Idea                     Details
                          Skim Section 3 of the chapter. Write two questions that come to
                          mind from reading the headings and illustration captions.

                          1.

                          2.

          Review
          Vocabulary           Use your book or dictionary to define herbivore.

            herbivore

          New
          Vocabulary           Use your book or dictionary to define each term.
    closed circulatory
                system



                  gills




                                                                                            Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
               mantle




            nephridia

     open circulatory
               system


               radula
                                                                                            Inc.




               siphon




262 Worms and Mollusks


                                                                            Name                                                                   Date

                                                                            Section 25.3 Mollusks          (continued)


                                                                             Main Idea                    Details
                                                                              Body Structure            Model a snail and a squid. Label the body parts of each.
                                                                            I found this information
                                                                            on page                 .




                                                                                                        List the snail and squid structures that differ.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,




                                                                                                        Distinguish two ways mollusks feed.

                                                                                                        Radula:



                                                                                                        Filter feeders:

                                                                                                        Compare the way mollusks reproduce in water and on land.

                                                                                                         in water:                         on land:
Inc.




                                                                                                                                                 Worms and Mollusks   263


Name                                                                    Date

Section 25.3 Mollusks          (continued)


 Main Idea                    Details
        Diversity of        Analyze the three classes of mollusks and the meaning of each
          Mollusks,         class name. Provide at least three examples of each class.
         Ecology of
           Mollusks                                       Mollusks

I found this information
on page                 .       Gastropoda                 Bivalvia              Cephalopoda
                              stomach-footed                                      head-footed



                                 Examples:                Examples:                Examples:
                                periwinkles                                        octopus
                                 conches                                             squid
                                 abalones                                          cuttlefish



                            Classify each mollusk in the left column of the table. Place it in the
                            proper class.

                             Class                        Mollusk Characteristics
                                              has a single shell and a large foot under the body




                                                                                                     Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
                                              has no radula; has two shells connected with a
                                              ligament, and a large, muscular foot for digging in
                                              the sand
                                              is brightly colored and has a layer of mucus
                                              covering its body; has a large foot under the body
                                              and no shell
                                              has a radula and tentacles; has no shell; squirts

    CONNECT
                                              ink at predators



                      Compare mollusks’ excretory structures with those of two or
 more groups that evolved earlier.
                                                                                                     Inc.




264 Worms and Mollusks


                                                                            Name                                                               Date

                                                                            Worms and Mollusks
                                                                            Section 25.4 Segmented Worms

                                                                             Main Idea                  Details
                                                                                                   Skim Section 4 of the chapter. Write three facts that you discovered
                                                                                                   about segmented worms.

                                                                                                   1.

                                                                                                   2.

                                                                                                   3.

                                                                                   Review
                                                                                   Vocabulary           Use your book or dictionary to define protostome.

                                                                                    protostome



                                                                                    New
                                                                                    Vocabulary          Use your book or dictionary to define each term.
                                                                                      clitellum
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,




                                                                                           crop




                                                                                         gizzard




                                                                                           setae



                                                                                    Academic
                                                                                    Vocabulary          Define convert to show its scientific meaning.
Inc.




                                                                                         convert




                                                                                                                                             Worms and Mollusks     265


Name                                                                     Date

Section 25.4 Segmented Worms                  (continued)


 Main Idea                     Details
   Body Structure            Summarize the characteristics of segmentation.
 I found this information
on page                  .
                                  Segments separated                   Segments contain
                                                                        structures for
                                   by              .
                                                                              ,               ,
                                                                   and                    .
                                          Segmentation



                                         A segment’s rigidity is
                                              created by
                                                                   .




                             Sequence the process of digestion in an earthworm.




                                                                                                  Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
                                                                                                  Inc.




266 Worms and Mollusks


                                                                            Name                                                                  Date

                                                                            Section 25.4 Segmented Worms                   (continued)


                                                                             Main Idea                    Details
                                                                                 Diversity of           Organize information about annelids. Identify two characteristics
                                                                            Annelids/Ecology            of each annelid. Then write the class to which they belong
                                                                                of Annelids/
                                                                                Evolution of             fanworms                  leeches             earthworms
                                                                               Mollusks and              bristleworms
                                                                                    Annelids
                                                                            I found this information
                                                                            on page                 .


                                                                                                         Class:                    Class:              Class:



                                                                                                        Analyze two ways that each of these annelids benefit their
                                                                                                        ecosystem.

                                                                                                        Earthworms
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,




                                                                                                        Marine
                                                                                                        Polychaetes


                                                                                                        Sequence these developments in the evolution of annelids: body
                                                                                                        suckers, parapodia, clitella.
                                                                                                        From earliest to latest:

                                                                              SUMMARIZE           Compare the type of circulatory system found in annelids with
                                                                             that found in some mollusks. State the advantage of the annelid type.
Inc.




                                                                                                                                                Worms and Mollusks       267


Name                                                              Date


Tie It Together
 Create a mini poster that highlights the diversity of worms.
                                                                SUMMARIZE




                                                                            Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
                                                                            Inc.




268 Worms and Mollusks


Name                                                                    Date

Principles of Ecology
Section 2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships

 Main Idea                  Details

                           Skim Section 1 of the chapter. Write two questions that come to
                           mind from the headings and illustration captions.




           New