Read the passage and answer the questions:

The Ottoman Empire, founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Turkey), rose to become one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries. The empire expanded through strategic military conquests and alliances, incorporating diverse cultures and regions under its control. Its peak was marked by significant achievements in art, architecture, and science, alongside a sophisticated administrative system.

How did the Ottoman Empire manage to incorporate diverse cultures within its territories?

What achievements marked the peak of the Ottoman Empire?

  • All 3 empires were able to conquer neighboring people because they formed strong armies using rifles & artillery

  •  All 3 empires were Islamic & ruled by Muslim leaders with well-organized gov’ts made up of loyal bureaucrats

  • All 3 empires blended their culture with neighboring societies to create a high point of Islamic culture

Which of the following empires is NOT considered one of the Gunpowder Empires?

A) Ottoman Empire

B) Safavid Empire

C) Mongol Empire

D) Mughal Empire

The term "Gunpowder Empires" primarily refers to empires that were successful due to their use of:

A) Advanced naval technology

B) Gunpowder weapons and artillery

C) Trade and commerce

D) Diplomatic alliances

  • Around 1300, the Muslim Turks of Anatolia were unified & formed the Ottoman Empire

  • The Ottomans used muskets & cannons to form a powerful army & expand their territory

  • The Ottoman army included 30,000 elite soldiers called janissaries who were slaves that were trained to be loyal to the government

  • In 1453, the Ottomans attacked Constantinople & conquered the Byzantine Empire

The janissaries were free-born citizens who volunteered to join the Ottoman army.

a) True   b) False

In 1453, the Ottomans attacked Constantinople and conquered the Byzantine Empire.

a) True    b) False

The fall of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine Empire.

a) True      b) False

Suleiman the Magnificent

  • By the late 1600s, the Ottomans expanded into the Middle East, Northern Africa, & Eastern Europe

  • Ottoman rulers were called sultans & they governed with absolute power

  • The greatest Ottoman sultan was Suleiman the Magnificent who came to power in 1520 

  • Under Suleiman, Ottoman armies attacked Eastern Europe & the empire reached its height

  • By the mid-1500s, Suleiman was the most powerful king in the world 

The greatest Ottoman sultan who came to power in 1520

By the late 1600s, the Ottomans expanded into this region.

Ottoman rulers were called this and they governed with absolute power

A) Sultans

B) Suleiman the Magnificent

C) Middle East, Northern Africa, & Eastern Europe

Suleiman’s greatest accomplishment was creating a stable gov’t for his empire

  • He created a simplified & fair tax system to raise money for his empire

  • He granted freedom of worship to Christians & Jews living in the empire

  • Art, architecture, & poetry flourished under Suleiman as the Ottoman Empire experienced a cultural renaissance

  • To maintain their power against rivals, Suleyman & other Ottoman sultans executed their brothers & jailed their sons which led to progressively weaker leaders

  • By the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the Ottoman Empire was so weak it was known as the “sick man of Europe”

Which of the following actions did Suleiman the Magnificent take to raise money for his empire?

A) He increased trade tariffs

B) He created a simplified and fair tax system

C) He imposed heavy fines on non-Muslims

D) He relied solely on wealth from conquests

Under Suleiman's rule, how were Christians and Jews treated in the Ottoman Empire?

A) They were forced to convert to Islam

B) They were expelled from the empire

C) They were granted freedom of worship

D) They were heavily persecuted

Which of the following best describes the cultural state of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman?

A) A period of decline in cultural activities

B) A cultural renaissance with flourishing art, architecture, and poetry

C) A focus on military over cultural development

D) An era of cultural isolation from the rest of the world