        1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1
           It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though




                                                                         ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1
       Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts
  55   needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Which choice best describes what happens in the
       effort to find her a husband.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           passage?
           Akira blushed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      A) One character argues with another character
           “Depending on your response, I may stay in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             who intrudes on her home.
       Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              B) One character receives a surprising request from
  60       Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          another character.
           “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .
       ambitions?”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) One character reminisces about choices she has
           “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          made over the years.
       my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    D) One character criticizes another character for
  65   ask directly because the use of a go-between takes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         pursuing an unexpected course of action.
       much time. Either method comes down to the same
       thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your
       consent, I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
       House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Which choice best describes the developmental
  70   America, to secure a new home for my bride.”
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               pattern of the passage?
           Eager to make his point, he’d been looking her full
       in the face. Abruptly, his voice turned gentle. “I see                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  A) A careful analysis of a traditional practice
       I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    B) A detailed depiction of a meaningful encounter
       more of your evening. My address is on my card. If
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               C) A definitive response to a series of questions
  75   you don’t wish to contact me, I’ll reapproach you in
       two weeks’ time. Until then, good night.”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               D) A cheerful recounting of an amusing anecdote
           He bowed and left. Taking her ease, with effortless
       grace, like a cat making off with a fish.
           “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3
  80   turned from the door. “He has asked you?”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               As used in line 1 and line 65, “directly” most
           The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes, her dark brows                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     nearly means
       gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were
       preposterous.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) frankly.
           “Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      B) confidently.
  85   thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       C) without mediation.
       America all in the snap of his fingers!”
           Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              D) with precision.
           Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute
       looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally, she spoke.
  90   “I met him at my literary meeting.”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 4
           Naomi turned to go back into the house, then                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Which reaction does Akira most fear from Chie?
       stopped.
           “Mother.”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) She will consider his proposal inappropriate.
           “Yes?”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              B) She will mistake his earnestness for immaturity.
  95       “I mean to have him.”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               C) She will consider his unscheduled visit an
       * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  imposition.
         family’s name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               D) She will underestimate the sincerity of his
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  emotions.




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  5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9
      Which choice provides the best evidence for the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Why does Akira say his meeting with Chie is
      answer to the previous question?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          “a matter of urgency” (line 32)?
      A) Line 33 (“His voice . . . refined”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A) He fears that his own parents will disapprove of
      B) Lines 49-51 (“You . . . mind”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Naomi.
      C) Lines 63-64 (“Please . . . proposal”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  B) He worries that Naomi will reject him and marry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   someone else.
      D) Lines 71-72 (“Eager . . . face”)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                C) He has been offered an attractive job in another
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   country.
  6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) He knows that Chie is unaware of his feelings for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Naomi.
      In the passage, Akira addresses Chie with
      A) affection but not genuine love.
      B) objectivity but not complete impartiality.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        10
      C) amusement but not mocking disparagement.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Which choice provides the best evidence for the
      D) respect but not utter deference.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       answer to the previous question?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                A) Line 39 (“I don’t . . . you”)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                B) Lines 39-42 (“Normally . . . community”)
  7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                C) Lines 58-59 (“Depending . . . Japan”)
      The main purpose of the first paragraph is to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                D) Lines 72-73 (“I see . . . you”)
      A) describe a culture.
      B) criticize a tradition.
      C) question a suggestion.
      D) analyze a reaction.


  8
      As used in line 2, “form” most nearly means
      A) appearance.
      B) custom.
      C) structure.
      D) nature.




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       Questions 11-21 are based on the following                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               spend with how much recipients will appreciate the




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       passage and supplementary material.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      gift (the more expensive the gift, the stronger a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                gift-recipient’s feelings of appreciation). Although a
       This passage is adapted from Francis J. Flynn and Gabrielle                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         45   link between gift price and feelings of appreciation
       S. Adams, "Money Can't Buy Love: Asymmetric Beliefs about                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                might seem intuitive to gift-givers, such an
       Gift Price and Feelings of Appreciation." ©2008 by Elsevier                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose
       Inc.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                that gift-recipients will be less inclined to base their
           Every day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    feelings of appreciation on the magnitude of a gift
       full force—both online and on foot—searching                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        50   than givers assume.
       frantically for the perfect gift. Last year, Americans                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely
Line   spent over $30 billion at retail stores in the month of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation?
   5   December alone. Aside from purchasing holiday                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Perhaps givers believe that bigger (i.e., more
       gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      expensive) gifts convey stronger signals of
       occasions throughout the year, including weddings,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  55   thoughtfulness and consideration. According to
       birthdays, anniversaries, graduations, and baby                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Camerer (1988) and others, gift-giving represents a
       showers. This frequent experience of gift-giving can                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     symbolic ritual, whereby gift-givers attempt to signal
  10   engender ambivalent feelings in gift-givers. Many                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        their positive attitudes toward the intended recipient
       relish the opportunity to buy presents because                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           and their willingness to invest resources in a future
       gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               60   relationship. In this sense, gift-givers may be
       bonds with one’s closest peers. At the same time,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to
       many dread the thought of buying gifts; they worry                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       send a “stronger signal” to their intended recipient.
  15   that their purchases will disappoint rather than                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         As for gift-recipients, they may not construe smaller
       delight the intended recipients.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger
           Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              65   signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.
       social process, serving various political, religious, and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The notion of gift-givers and gift-recipients being
       psychological functions. Economists, however, offer                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      unable to account for the other party’s perspective
  20   a less favorable view. According to Waldfogel (1993),                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    seems puzzling because people slip in and out of
       gift-giving represents an objective waste of resources.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  these roles every day, and, in some cases, multiple
       People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                70   times in the course of the same day. Yet, despite the
       buy on their own, or at least not spend as much                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          extensive experience that people have as both givers
       money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           and receivers, they often struggle to transfer
  25   ‘‘the deadweight loss of Christmas”). To wit, givers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     information gained from one role (e.g., as a giver)
       are likely to spend $100 to purchase a gift that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         and apply it in another, complementary role (e.g., as
       receivers would spend only $80 to buy themselves.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   75   a receiver). In theoretical terms, people fail to utilize
       This ‘‘deadweight loss” suggests that gift-givers are                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    information about their own preferences and
       not very good at predicting what gifts others will                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       experiences in order to produce more efficient
  30   appreciate. That in itself is not surprising to social                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   outcomes in their exchange relations. In practical
       psychologists. Research has found that people often                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      terms, people spend hundreds of dollars each year on
       struggle to take account of others’ perspectives—                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   80   gifts, but somehow never learn to calibrate their gift
       their insights are subject to egocentrism, social                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        expenditures according to personal insight.
       projection, and multiple attribution errors.
  35       What is surprising is that gift-givers have
       considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and
       gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend
       each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift.
       In the present research, we propose a unique
  40   psychological explanation for this overspending
       problem—i.e., that gift-givers equate how much they




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                                        Givers’ Perceived and Recipients’                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         13
                                           Actual Gift Appreciations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The authors indicate that people value gift-giving
                                     7.00                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              because they feel it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A) functions as a form of self-expression.
                 Mean appreciation




                                     6.50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       B) is an inexpensive way to show appreciation.
                                     6.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       C) requires the gift-recipient to reciprocate.
                                     5.50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              D) can serve to strengthen a relationship.

                                     5.00
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  14
                                     4.50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Which choice provides the best evidence for the
                                        0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              answer to the previous question?
                                               giver          recipient                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                A) Lines 10-13 (“Many . . . peers”)
                                                       Role                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) Lines 22-23 (“People . . . own”)
                                                less expensive gift                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C) Lines 31-32 (“Research . . . perspectives”)
                                                more expensive gift                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    D) Lines 44-47 (“Although . . . unfounded”)


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The “social psychologists” mentioned in paragraph 2
 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       (lines 17-34) would likely describe the “deadweight
      The authors most likely use the examples in lines 1-9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            loss” phenomenon as
      of the passage (“Every . . . showers”) to highlight the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A) predictable.
      A) regularity with which people shop for gifts.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  B) questionable.
      B) recent increase in the amount of money spent on                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               C) disturbing.
         gifts.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       D) unprecedented.
      C) anxiety gift shopping causes for consumers.
      D) number of special occasions involving
         gift-giving.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The passage indicates that the assumption made by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       gift-givers in lines 41-44 may be
 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A) insincere.
      In line 10, the word “ambivalent” most nearly means
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       B) unreasonable.
      A) unrealistic.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       C) incorrect.
      B) conflicted.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       D) substantiated.
      C) apprehensive.
      D) supportive.




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 17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        20
      Which choice provides the best evidence for the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The graph following the passage offers evidence that
      answer to the previous question?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          gift-givers base their predictions of how much a gift
      A) Lines 53-55 (“Perhaps . . . consideration”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            will be appreciated on
      B) Lines 55-60 (“According . . . relationship”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) the appreciation level of the gift-recipients.
      C) Lines 63-65 (“As . . . consideration”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 B) the monetary value of the gift.
      D) Lines 75-78 (“In . . . relations”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     C) their own desires for the gifts they purchase.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                D) their relationship with the gift-recipients.

 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           21
      As it is used in line 54, “convey” most nearly means
      A) transport.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The authors would likely attribute the differences in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                gift-giver and recipient mean appreciation as
      B) counteract.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            represented in the graph to
      C) exchange.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A) an inability to shift perspective.
      D) communicate.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           B) an increasingly materialistic culture.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                C) a growing opposition to gift-giving.
 19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) a misunderstanding of intentions.
      The authors refer to work by Camerer and others
      (line 56) in order to
      A) offer an explanation.
      B) introduce an argument.
      C) question a motive.
      D) support a conclusion.




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       Questions 22-31 are based on the following                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 long molecule many different permutations are




                                                                       ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
       passage and supplementary material.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise
       This passage is adapted from J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  sequence of bases is the code which carries the
       “Genetical Implications of the Structure of Deoxyribonucleic                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          45   genetical information. If the actual order of the bases
       Acid.” ©1953 by Nature Publishing Group. Watson and Crick                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  on one of the pair of chains were given, one could
       deduced the structure of DNA using evidence from Rosalind                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  write down the exact order of the bases on the other
       Franklin and R. G. Gosling’s X-ray crystallography diagrams                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain
       of DNA and from Erwin Chargaff’s data on the base                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is
       composition of DNA.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   50   this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic
          The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           acid molecule might duplicate itself.
       (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of
       very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that
Line   regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         organism’s DNA.
   5   To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which
       can be of four different types. Two of the possible                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Base Composition of DNA
       bases—adenine and guanine—are purines, and the
       other two—thymine and cytosine—are pyrimidines.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Percentage of base
       So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               in organism’s DNA
  10   chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of
       phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Organism       adenine guanine cytosine thymine
          The first feature of our structure which is of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (%)     (%)     (%)      (%)
       biological interest is that it consists not of one chain,
       but of two. These two chains are both coiled around                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Maize              26.8        22.8        23.2        27.2
  15   a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Octopus            33.2        17.6        17.6        31.6
       since there was only one chain in the chemical
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Chicken            28.0        22.0        21.6        28.4
       formula there would only be one in the structural
       unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Rat                28.6        21.4        20.5        28.4
       evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Human              29.3        20.7        20.0        30.0
  20      The other biologically important feature is the
       manner in which the two chains are held together.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Grasshopper        29.3        20.5        20.7        29.3
       This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Sea urchin         32.8        17.7        17.3        32.1
       The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Wheat              27.3        22.7        22.8        27.1
       from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single
  25   base from the other. The important point is that only                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Yeast              31.3        18.7        17.1        32.9
       certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         E. coli            24.7        26.0        25.7        23.6
       One member of a pair must be a purine and the other
       a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Adapted from Manju Bansal, “DNA Structure: Revisiting the
       chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Watson-Crick Double Helix.” ©2003 by Current Science Association,
  30   example, there would not be room for it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bangalore.
          We believe that the bases will be present almost
       entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true,
       the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more
       restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are:
  35   adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine.
       Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but
       when it does, its partner on the other chain must
       always be thymine.
          The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is
  40   completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of
       bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a



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 22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        25
      The authors use the word “backbone” in lines 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The authors’ main purpose of including the
      and 39 to indicate that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   information about X-ray evidence and density is to
      A) only very long chains of DNA can be taken from                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         A) establish that DNA is the molecule that carries
         an organism with a spinal column.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         the genetic information.
      B) the main structure of a chain in a DNA molecule                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        B) present an alternate hypothesis about the
         is composed of repeating units.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           composition of a nucleotide.
      C) a chain in a DNA molecule consists entirely of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         C) provide support for the authors’ claim about the
         phosphate groups or of sugars.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            number of chains in a molecule of DNA.
      D) nitrogenous bases form the main structural unit                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        D) confirm the relationship between the density of
         of DNA.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   DNA and the known chemical formula of DNA.


 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        26
      A student claims that nitrogenous bases pair                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Based on the passage, the authors’ statement “If a
      randomly with one another. Which of the following                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         pair consisted of two purines, for example, there
      statements in the passage contradicts the student’s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       would not be room for it” (lines 29-30) implies that a
      claim?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    pair
      A) Lines 5-6 (“To each . . . types”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      A) of purines would be larger than the space
      B) Lines 9-10 (“So far . . . irregular”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     between a sugar and a phosphate group.
      C) Lines 23-25 (“The bases . . . other”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  B) of purines would be larger than a pair consisting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   of a purine and a pyrimidine.
      D) Lines 27-29 (“One member . . . chains”)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                C) of pyrimidines would be larger than a pair of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   purines.
 24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) consisting of a purine and a pyrimidine would be
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   larger than a pair of pyrimidines.
      In the second paragraph (lines 12-19), what do the
      authors claim to be a feature of biological interest?
      A) The chemical formula of DNA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       27
      B) The common fiber axis                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The authors’ use of the words “exact,” “specific,” and
      C) The X-ray evidence                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     “complement” in lines 47-49 in the final paragraph
      D) DNA consisting of two chains                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           functions mainly to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                A) confirm that the nucleotide sequences are known
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   for most molecules of DNA.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                B) counter the claim that the sequences of bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   along a chain can occur in any order.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                C) support the claim that the phosphate-sugar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   backbone of the authors’ model is completely
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   regular.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                D) emphasize how one chain of DNA may serve as a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   template to be copied during DNA replication.




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                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    30
      Based on the table and passage, which choice gives                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    According to the table, which of the following pairs
      the correct percentages of the purines in yeast DNA?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  of base percentages in sea urchin DNA provides
      A) 17.1% and 18.7%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    evidence in support of the answer to the previous
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            question?
      B) 17.1% and 32.9%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) 17.3% and 17.7%
      C) 18.7% and 31.3%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) 17.3% and 32.1%
      D) 31.3% and 32.9%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) 17.3% and 32.8%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) 17.7% and 32.8%
 29
      Do the data in the table support the authors’
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       31
      proposed pairing of bases in DNA?
      A) Yes, because for each given organism, the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Based on the table, is the percentage of adenine in
         percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 each organism’s DNA the same or does it vary, and
         of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       which statement made by the authors is most
         closest to the percentage of cytosine.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             consistent with that data?
      B) Yes, because for each given organism, the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A) The same; “Two of . . . pyrimidines” (lines 6-8)
         percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 B) The same; “The important . . . structure”
         of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         (lines 25-26)
         closest to the percentage of thymine.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              C) It varies; “Adenine . . . thymine” (lines 36-38)
      C) No, because for each given organism, the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D) It varies; “It follows . . . information”
         percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    (lines 41-45)
         of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is
         closest to the percentage of cytosine.
      D) No, because for each given organism, the
         percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage
         of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is
         closest to the percentage of thymine.




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 33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    36
      The central claim of the passage is that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Woolf indicates that the procession she describes in
      A) educated women face a decision about how to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        the passage
         engage with existing institutions.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A) has come to have more practical influence in
      B) women can have positions of influence in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              recent years.
         English society only if they give up some of their                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 B) has become a celebrated feature of English public
         traditional roles.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    life.
      C) the male monopoly on power in English society                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      C) includes all of the richest and most powerful
         has had grave and continuing effects.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 men in England.
      D) the entry of educated women into positions of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      D) has become less exclusionary in its membership
         power traditionally held by men will transform                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        in recent years.
         those positions.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       37
 34
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Which choice provides the best evidence for the
      Woolf uses the word “we” throughout the passage                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       answer to the previous question?
      mainly to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) Lines 12-17 (“There . . . money”)
      A) reflect the growing friendliness among a group                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     B) Lines 17-19 (“It . . . desert”)
         of people.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) Lines 23-24 (“For . . . ourselves”)
      B) advance the need for candor among a group of
         people.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) Lines 30-34 (“We . . . pulpit”)
      C) establish a sense of solidarity among a group of
         people.
      D) reinforce the need for respect among a group of
         people.


 35
      According to the passage, Woolf chooses the setting
      of the bridge because it
      A) is conducive to a mood of fanciful reflection.
      B) provides a good view of the procession of the
         sons of educated men.
      C) is within sight of historic episodes to which she
         alludes.
      D) is symbolic of the legacy of past and present sons
         of educated men.




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                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     40
      Woolf characterizes the questions in lines 53-57                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Which choice most closely captures the
      (“For we . . . men”) as both                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           meaning of the figurative “sixpence” referred
      A) controversial and threatening.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      to in lines 70 and 71?
      B) weighty and unanswerable.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) Tolerance
      C) momentous and pressing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) Knowledge
      D) provocative and mysterious.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         C) Opportunity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) Perspective

 39
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        41
      Which choice provides the best evidence for the
      answer to the previous question?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The range of places and occasions listed in
      A) Lines 46-47 (“We . . . questions”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  lines 72-76 (“Let us . . . funerals”) mainly serves to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             emphasize how
      B) Lines 48-49 (“And . . . them”)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) novel the challenge faced by women is.
      C) Line 57 (“The moment . . . short”)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) pervasive the need for critical reflection is.
      D) Line 62 (“That . . . Madam”)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) complex the political and social issues of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                day are.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) enjoyable the career possibilities for women are.




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                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 42                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     46
      In lines 9-17, the author of Passage 1 mentions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        What function does the discussion of water in
      several companies primarily to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         lines 35-40 serve in Passage 1?
      A) note the technological advances that make space                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     A) It continues an extended comparison that begins
         mining possible.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       in the previous paragraph.
      B) provide evidence of the growing interest in space                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   B) It provides an unexpected answer to a question
         mining.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                raised in the previous paragraph.
      C) emphasize the large profits to be made from                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         C) It offers hypothetical examples supporting a
         space mining.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          claim made in the previous paragraph.
      D) highlight the diverse ways to carry out space                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       D) It examines possible outcomes of a proposal put
         mining operations.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     forth in the previous paragraph.


 43                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     47
      The author of Passage 1 indicates that space mining                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The central claim of Passage 2 is that space mining
      could have which positive effect?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      has positive potential but
      A) It could yield materials important to Earth’s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A) it will end up encouraging humanity’s reckless
         economy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               treatment of the environment.
      B) It could raise the value of some precious metals                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    B) its effects should be thoughtfully considered
         on Earth.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              before it becomes a reality.
      C) It could create unanticipated technological                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         C) such potential may not include replenishing key
         innovations.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           resources that are disappearing on Earth.
      D) It could change scientists’ understanding of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        D) experts disagree about the commercial viability
         space resources.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       of the discoveries it could yield.


 44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     48
      Which choice provides the best evidence for the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        As used in line 68, “hold” most nearly means
      answer to the previous question?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A) maintain.
      A) Lines 18-22 (“Within . . . lanthanum”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              B) grip.
      B) Lines 24-28 (“They . . . projects”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 C) restrain.
      C) Lines 29-30 (“In this . . . commodity”)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) withstand.
      D) Lines 41-44 (“Companies . . . machinery”)


 45
      As used in line 19, “demands” most nearly means
      A) offers.
      B) claims.
      C) inquiries.
      D) desires.




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                                                                      .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           51
      Which statement best describes the relationship                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Which choice provides the best evidence for the
      between the passages?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        answer to the previous question?
      A) Passage 2 refutes the central claim advanced in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) Lines 60-63 (“Some . . . pristine”)
         Passage 1.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                B) Lines 74-76 (“The resources . . . Earth”)
      B) Passage 2 illustrates the phenomenon described                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) Lines 81-83 (“One . . . avoided”)
         in more general terms in Passage 1.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   D) Lines 85-87 (“Without . . . insecure”)
      C) Passage 2 argues against the practicality of the
         proposals put forth in Passage 1.
      D) Passage 2 expresses reservations about                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               52
         developments discussed in Passage 1.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Which point about the resources that will be highly
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   valued in space is implicit in Passage 1 and explicit in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Passage 2?
 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A) They may be different resources from those that
      The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            are valuable on Earth.
      the discussion of the future of space mining in
      lines 18-28, Passage 1, by claiming that such a future                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       B) They will be valuable only if they can be
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      harvested cheaply.
      A) is inconsistent with the sustainable use of space
         resources.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                C) They are likely to be primarily precious metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      and rare earth elements.
      B) will be difficult to bring about in the absence of
         regulations.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              D) They may increase in value as those same
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      resources become rare on Earth.
      C) cannot be attained without technologies that do
         not yet exist.
      D) seems certain to affect Earth’s economy in a
         negative way.




                                                                     STOP
      If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
                               Do not turn to any other section.




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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    16


      2                                                                                                                                                                                                              2
                                Writing and Language Test
                                35 M I NU TES, 4 4 QUESTIONS

                                Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.


                                 DIRECTIONS

                                Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you
                                will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
                                other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in
                                sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
                                one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising
                                and editing decisions.

                                Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
                                direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.

                                After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
                                improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
                                conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
                                Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the
                                passage as it is.



Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.
                                                                        ...................................................................................................................................




Whey to Go
      Greek yogurt—a strained form of cultured
yogurt—has grown enormously in popularity in the
United States since it was first introduced in the country
in the late 1980s.
      From 2011 to 2012 alone, sales of Greek yogurt in the
US increased by 50 percent. The resulting increase in
Greek yogurt production has forced those involved in the
business to address the detrimental effects that the
yogurt-making process may be having on the
environment. Fortunately, farmers and others in the




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      2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               2
Greek yogurt business have found many methods of




                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1
controlling and eliminating most environmental threats.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) defeat
Given these solutions as well as the many health benefits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) outperform
of the food, the advantages of Greek yogurt 1 outdo the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) outweigh
potential drawbacks of its production.
      [1] The main environmental problem caused by the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2
production of Greek yogurt is the creation of acid whey                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Which choice provides the most relevant detail?
as a by-product. [2] Because it requires up to four times                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) supplement and convert it into gas to use as fuel
more milk to make than conventional yogurt does, Greek                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         in electricity production.
yogurt produces larger amounts of acid whey, which is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       C) supplement, while sweet whey is more desirable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               as a food additive for humans.
difficult to dispose of. [3] To address the problem of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) supplement, which provides an important
disposal, farmers have found a number of uses for acid                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         element of their diet.
whey. [4] They can add it to livestock feed as a protein
 2 supplement, and people can make their own                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) NO CHANGE
Greek-style yogurt at home by straining regular yogurt.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) can pollute waterway’s,
[5] If it is improperly introduced into the environment,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C) could have polluted waterways,
acid-whey runoff 3 can pollute waterways, depleting                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         D) has polluted waterway’s,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ’
the oxygen content of streams and rivers as it
decomposes. [6] Yogurt manufacturers, food                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) NO CHANGE
 4 scientists; and government officials are also
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) scientists: and
working together to develop additional solutions for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) scientists, and
reusing whey. 5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) scientists, and,


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            should be placed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) where it is now.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) after sentence 1.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) after sentence 2.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) after sentence 3.




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      2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2
        6 Though these conservation methods can be




                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       6
costly and time-consuming, they are well worth the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The writer is considering deleting the underlined
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           sentence. Should the writer do this?
effort. Nutritionists consider Greek yogurt to be a healthy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) Yes, because it does not provide a transition
food: it is an excellent source of calcium and protein,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       from the previous paragraph.
serves 7 to be a digestive aid, and 8 it contains few                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      B) Yes, because it fails to support the main
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              argument of the passage as introduced in the
calories in its unsweetened low- and non-fat forms.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           first paragraph.
Greek yogurt is slightly lower in sugar and carbohydrates                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  C) No, because it continues the explanation of how
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              acid whey can be disposed of safely.
than conventional yogurt is. 9 Also, because it is more                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    D) No, because it sets up the argument in the
concentrated, Greek yogurt contains slightly more                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             paragraph for the benefits of Greek yogurt.

protein per serving, thereby helping people stay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           B) as
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C) like
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D) for


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           B) containing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C) contains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D) will contain


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           B) In other words,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C) Therefore,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D) For instance,




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      2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
10 satiated for longer periods of time. These health




                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        10
benefits have prompted Greek yogurt’s recent surge in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) fulfilled
popularity. In fact, Greek yogurt can be found in an
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) complacent
increasing number of products such as snack food and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) sufficient
frozen desserts. Because consumers reap the nutritional
benefits of Greek yogurt and support those who make                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     11
and sell 11 it, therefore farmers and businesses should                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) it, farmers
continue finding safe and effective methods of producing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) it, so farmers
the food.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) it: farmers




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                   2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2
Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage




                                                                                       ...............................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         12
and supplementary material.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Which choice most accurately and effectively
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              represents the information in the graph?
Dark Snow                                                                                                                                                                                                                     A) NO CHANGE
                   Most of Greenland’s interior is covered by a thick                                                                                                                                                         B) to 12 degrees Fahrenheit.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              C) to their lowest point on December 13.
layer of ice and compressed snow known as the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              D) to 10 degrees Fahrenheit and stay there for
Greenland Ice Sheet. The size of the ice sheet fluctuates                                                                                                                                                                        months.
seasonally: in summer, average daily high temperatures
in Greenland can rise to slightly above 50 degrees
Fahrenheit, partially melting the ice; in the winter, the
sheet thickens as additional snow falls, and average daily
low temperatures can drop 12 to as low as 20 degrees.




                                 Average Daily High and Low Temperatures Recorded
                                  at Nuuk Weather Station, Greenland (1961—1990)

                                 Mar 5                  Jun 10                 Sep 8                                                                                                                                              Dec 13
                   60
Temperature (°F)




                   50                                       45°                  45°
                   40
                   30                                       35°                  38°                                                                                                                                                26°
                                   20°
                   20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    19°
                   10
                                   12°
                    0
                        Jan   Feb Mar Apr May Jun                    Jul Aug     Sep Oct Nov Dec
                                                            average daily high
                                                            average daily low

Adapted from WMO. ©2014 by World Meteorological Organization.




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      2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2
      Typically, the ice sheet begins to show evidence of




                                                                          ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            13
thawing in late 13 summer. This follows several weeks of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Which choice most effectively combines the two
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 sentences at the underlined portion?
higher temperatures. 14 For example, in the summer of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A) summer, following
2012, virtually the entire Greenland Ice Sheet underwent                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         B) summer, and this thawing follows
thawing at or near its surface by mid-July, the earliest                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         C) summer, and such thawing follows
date on record. Most scientists looking for the causes of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        D) summer and this evidence follows

the Great Melt of 2012 have focused exclusively on rising
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            14
temperatures. The summer of 2012 was the warmest in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A) NO CHANGE
170 years, records show. But Jason 15 Box, an associate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          B) However,
professor of geology at Ohio State believes that another                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         C) As such,
factor added to the early 16 thaw; the “dark snow”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               D) Moreover,

problem.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 B) Box an associate professor of geology at
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ohio State,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 C) Box, an associate professor of geology at
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ohio State,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 D) Box, an associate professor of geology, at
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ohio State


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 B) thaw; and it was
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 C) thaw:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 D) thaw: being




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      According to Box, a leading Greenland expert,




                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       17
tundra fires in 2012 from as far away as North America                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) soot
produced great amounts of soot, some 17 of it drifted
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) of which
over Greenland in giant plumes of smoke and then
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) DELETE the underlined portion.
 18 fell as particles onto the ice sheet. Scientists have long
known that soot particles facilitate melting by darkening                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              18
snow and ice, limiting 19 it’s ability to reflect the Sun’s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A) NO CHANGE
rays. As Box explains, “Soot is an extremely powerful                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       B) falls
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) will fall
light absorber. It settles over the ice and captures the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) had fallen
Sun’s heat.” The result is a self-reinforcing cycle. As the
ice melts, the land and water under the ice become                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     19
exposed, and since land and water are darker than snow,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     A) NO CHANGE
the surface absorbs even more heat, which 20 is related                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     B) its
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) there
to the rising temperatures.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) their


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Which choice best completes the description of a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            self-reinforcing cycle?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) raises the surface temperature.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) begins to cool at a certain point.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) leads to additional melting.




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                                                                          ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
      [1] Box’s research is important because the fires of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  21
2012 may not be a one-time phenomenon. [2] According                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 B) itself,
to scientists, rising Arctic temperatures are making
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 C) itself, with damage and
northern latitudes greener and thus more fire prone.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) itself possibly,
[3] The pattern Box observed in 2012 may repeat
21 itself again, with harmful effects on the Arctic                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         22
ecosystem. [4] Box is currently organizing an expedition                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 should be placed
to gather this crucial information. [5] The next step for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 A) where it is now.
Box and his team is to travel to Greenland to perform                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) after sentence 1.
direct sampling of the ice in order to determine just how                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        C) after sentence 2.
much the soot is contributing to the melting of the ice                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          D) after sentence 5.

sheet. [6] Members of the public will be able to track his
team’s progress—and even help fund the
expedition—through a website Box has created. 22




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Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage.




                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) NO CHANGE
Coworking: A Creative Solution                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              B) was promptly worn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) promptly wore
      When I left my office job as a website developer at a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) wore
small company for a position that allowed me to work
full-time from home, I thought I had it made: I gleefully
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       24
traded in my suits and dress shoes for sweatpants and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A) NO CHANGE
slippers, my frantic early-morning bagged lunch packing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     B) colleagues were important for sharing ideas.

for a leisurely midday trip to my refrigerator. The novelty                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 C) ideas couldn’t be shared with colleagues.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) I missed having colleagues nearby to consult.
of this comfortable work-from-home life, however,
23 soon got worn off quickly. Within a month, I found
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       25
myself feeling isolated despite having frequent email and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A) NO CHANGE
instant messaging contact with my colleagues. Having                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        B) about
become frustrated trying to solve difficult problems,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       C) upon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) for
24 no colleagues were nearby to share ideas. It was
during this time that I read an article 25 into coworking
spaces.




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                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
      The article, published by Forbes magazine, explained                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              26
that coworking spaces are designated locations that, for a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) equipment, such as:
fee, individuals can use to conduct their work. The spaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) equipment such as:
are usually stocked with standard office 26 equipment,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       D) equipment, such as,
such as photocopiers, printers, and fax machines. 27 In
these locations, however, the spaces often include small                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                27
meeting areas and larger rooms for hosting presentations.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) In addition to equipment,
 28 The cost of launching a new coworking business in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) For these reasons,
the United States is estimated to be approximately
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) Likewise,
$58,000.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        28
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The writer is considering deleting the underlined
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) Kept, because it provides a detail that supports
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                the main topic of the paragraph.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) Kept, because it sets up the main topic of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                paragraph that follows.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) Deleted, because it blurs the paragraph’s main
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                focus with a loosely related detail.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) Deleted, because it repeats information that has
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                been provided in an earlier paragraph.




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      What most caught my interest, though, was a




                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       29
quotation from someone who described coworking                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              At this point, the writer wants to add specific
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            information that supports the main topic of the
spaces as “melting pots of creativity.” The article refers to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               paragraph.
a 2012 survey in which 29 64 percent of respondents                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Perceived Effect of Coworking on Business Skills
noted that coworking spaces prevented them from
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       positive impact           negative impact
completing tasks in a given time. The article goes on to
suggest that the most valuable resources provided by                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ideas relating                                        74%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   to business 2%
coworking spaces are actually the people 30 whom use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      creativity                                   71%
them.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               3%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ability to focus                                   68%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         12%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             completing tasks                                   64%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               in a given time        8%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             standard of work                                  62%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Adapted from “The 3rd Global Coworking Survey.” ©2013 by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Deskmag.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Which choice most effectively completes the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            sentence with relevant and accurate information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            based on the graph above?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) 71 percent of respondents indicated that using a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               coworking space increased their creativity.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) respondents credited coworking spaces with
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               giving them 74 percent of their ideas relating to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               business.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) respondents revealed that their ability to focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               on their work improved by 12 percent in a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               coworking space.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       30
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) whom uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) who uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) who use




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                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
      [1] Thus, even though I already had all the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       31
equipment I needed in my home office, I decided to try                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The writer wants to add the following sentence to the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             paragraph.
using a coworking space in my city. [2] Because I was
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 After filling out a simple registration form and
specifically interested in coworking’s reported benefits                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         taking a quick tour of the facility, I took a seat at
related to creativity, I chose a facility that offered a bright,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 a table and got right to work on my laptop.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The best placement for the sentence is immediately
open work area where I wouldn’t be isolated.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) before sentence 1.
[3] Throughout the morning, more people appeared.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) after sentence 1.
[4] Periods of quiet, during which everyone worked                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C) after sentence 2.
independently, were broken up occasionally with lively                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       D) after sentence 3.
conversation. 31
      I liked the experience so much that I now go to the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               32
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) NO CHANGE
coworking space a few times a week. Over time, I’ve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) colleagues;
gotten to know several of my coworking 32 colleagues:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        C) colleagues,
another website developer, a graphic designer, a freelance                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   D) colleagues
writer, and several mobile app coders. Even those of us
who work in disparate fields are able to 33 share advice                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                33
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) NO CHANGE
and help each other brainstorm. In fact, it’s the diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) give some wisdom
of their talents and experiences that makes my coworking                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     C) proclaim our opinions
colleagues so valuable.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      D) opine




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      2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage.




                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       34
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) NO CHANGE
The Consolations of Philosophy                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              B) For example,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) In contrast,
      Long viewed by many as the stereotypical useless
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) Nevertheless,
major, philosophy is now being seen by many students
and prospective employers as in fact a very useful and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       35
practical major, offering students a host of transferable                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A) NO CHANGE
skills with relevance to the modern workplace. 34 In                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        B) speaking in a more pragmatic way,
broad terms, philosophy is the study of meaning and the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     C) speaking in a way more pragmatically,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) in a more pragmatic-speaking way,
values underlying thought and behavior. But 35 more
pragmatically, the discipline encourages students to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       36
analyze complex material, question conventional beliefs,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A) NO CHANGE
and express thoughts in a concise manner.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   B) teaches
      Because philosophy 36 teaching students not what                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      C) to teach
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) and teaching
to think but how to think, the age-old discipline offers
consistently useful tools for academic and professional
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       37
achievement. 37 A 1994 survey concluded that only
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Which choice most effectively sets up the
18 percent of American colleges required at least one                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       information that follows?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) Consequently, philosophy students have been
philosophy course. 38 Therefore, between 1992 and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               receiving an increasing number of job offers.
1996, more than 400 independent philosophy                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  B) Therefore, because of the evidence, colleges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               increased their offerings in philosophy.
departments were eliminated from institutions.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) Notwithstanding the attractiveness of this course
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               of study, students have resisted majoring in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               philosophy.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) However, despite its many utilitarian benefits,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               colleges have not always supported the study of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               philosophy.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       38
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) Thus,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) Moreover,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) However,




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                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
      More recently, colleges have recognized the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       39
practicality and increasing popularity of studying                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Which choice most effectively combines the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             sentences at the underlined portion?
philosophy and have markedly increased the number of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) writing as
philosophy programs offered. By 2008 there were                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              B) writing, and these results can be
817 programs, up from 765 a decade before. In addition,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      C) writing, which can also be
the number of four-year graduates in philosophy has                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          D) writing when the results are

grown 46 percent in a decade. Also, studies have found
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        40
that those students who major in philosophy often do
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) NO CHANGE
better than students from other majors in both verbal                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        B) have scored
reasoning and analytical 39 writing. These results can be                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C) scores
measured by standardized test scores. On the Graduate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        D) scoring

Record Examination (GRE), for example, students
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        41
intending to study philosophy in graduate school 40 has
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) NO CHANGE
scored higher than students in all but four other majors.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    B) students majoring
      These days, many 41 student’s majoring in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              C) students major
philosophy have no intention of becoming philosophers;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       D) student’s majors

instead they plan to apply those skills to other disciplines.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        42
Law and business specifically benefit from the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             At this point, the writer is considering adding the
complicated theoretical issues raised in the study of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        following sentence.
philosophy, but philosophy can be just as useful in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The ancient Greek philosopher Plato, for example,
engineering or any field requiring complex analytic skills.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      wrote many of his works in the form of dialogues.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Should the writer make this addition here?
42 That these skills are transferable across professions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) Yes, because it reinforces the passage’s main
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                point about the employability of philosophy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                majors.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) Yes, because it acknowledges a common
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                counterargument to the passage’s central claim.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) No, because it blurs the paragraph’s focus by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                introducing a new idea that goes unexplained.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) No, because it undermines the passage’s claim
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                about the employability of philosophy majors.




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43 which makes them especially beneficial to




                                                                      .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              43
twenty-first-century students. Because today’s students                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) NO CHANGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   B) that
can expect to hold multiple jobs—some of which may not
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   C) and
even exist yet—during 44 our lifetime, studying
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   D) DELETE the underlined portion.
philosophy allows them to be flexible and adaptable.
High demand, advanced exam scores, and varied                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 44
professional skills all argue for maintaining and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  A) NO CHANGE

enhancing philosophy courses and majors within                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     B) one’s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   C) his or her
academic institutions.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   D) their




                                                                     STOP
     If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
                              Do not turn to any other section.




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                                                                                                                                                                                                                            32


        3                                                                                                                                    3
                                Math Test – No Calculator
                                25 M I NU TES, 2 0 QUESTIONS

                                Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.




                                For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
                                provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,
                                solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to
                                the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
                                any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.



                                1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.
                                2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
                                3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
                                4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
                                5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
                                   which f(x) is a real number.




                                                                                                                                                     s√2
                                           r                                                                   c             2x   60°       s 45°
                                                                       w             h          b                                       x
                                                                                                                         30°                    45°
                                                                                    b                      a               x√3                 s
                                  A = pr 2                 A = w                    1
                                                                                 A = bh             c 2 = a2 + b 2         Special Right Triangles
                                                                                     2
                                  C = 2pr


                                                       h                   r                           r                 h                        h
                                                                                 h
                                                   w                                                                         r                          w
                                                                                                                                             
                                    V = wh                          V = pr 2h                   4
                                                                                              V = pr 3
                                                                                                                        1
                                                                                                                     V = pr 2h              V = 1 wh
                                                                                                 3                      3                       3
                                The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
                                The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
                                The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.




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        3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             3




                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     3
           x−1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              On Saturday afternoon, Armand sent m text
      If       = k and k = 3, what is the value of x ?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      messages each hour for 5 hours, and Tyrone sent p
            3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            text messages each hour for 4 hours. Which of the
      A)      2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             following represents the total number of messages
      B)      4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             sent by Armand and Tyrone on Saturday afternoon?
      C)      9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) 9mp
      D) 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) 20mp
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) 5m + 4p
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) 4m + 5p




  2
      For i = −1 , what is the sum (7 + 3i ) + (−8 + 9i) ?
      A) −1 + 12i                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       4
      B) −1 − 6i                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Kathy is a repair technician for a phone company.
      C) 15 + 12i                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Each week, she receives a batch of phones that need
      D) 15 − 6i                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            repairs. The number of phones that she has left to fix
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            at the end of each day can be estimated with the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            equation P = 108 − 23d, where P is the number of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            phones left and d is the number of days she has
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            worked that week. What is the meaning of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            value 108 in this equation?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) Kathy will complete the repairs within 108 days.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) Kathy starts each week with 108 phones to fix.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C) Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per hour.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per day.




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                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    7

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   r ⎞N
               2     2      2        2        2   2
            (x y − 3y + 5xy ) − (− x y + 3xy − 3y )                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ⎛ r ⎞⎛
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ⎜⎜         ⎟⎟⎜1 +        ⎟⎟
      Which of the following is equivalent to the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ⎜⎝ 1,200 ⎟⎠⎜⎜⎝   1,200 ⎟⎠
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        m=                         N         P
      expression above?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ⎛       r ⎞
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ⎜⎜1 +        ⎟⎟ −1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ⎜⎝   1,200 ⎟⎠
      A) 4x 2y 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The formula above gives the monthly payment m
      B) 8xy 2 − 6y 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      needed to pay off a loan of P dollars at r percent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           annual interest over N months. Which of the
      C) 2x 2y + 2xy 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           following gives P in terms of m, r, and N ?
      D) 2x 2y + 8xy 2 − 6y 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ⎛ r ⎞⎛               r ⎞N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ⎜⎜         ⎟⎟⎜⎜1 +        ⎟⎟
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ⎜⎝ 1,200 ⎟⎠⎜⎝     1,200 ⎟⎠
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A) P =                     N            m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ⎛       r ⎞
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ⎜⎜1 +        ⎟⎟ − 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ⎜⎝   1,200 ⎟⎠

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ⎛       r ⎞N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ⎜⎜1 +        ⎟⎟ − 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ⎜⎝   1,200 ⎟⎠
  6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        B) P =                             N    m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ⎛ r ⎞⎛              r ⎞
                                    h = 3a + 28.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ⎜⎜          ⎟⎜1 +        ⎟⎟
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ⎜⎝ 1,200 ⎟⎟⎠⎜⎜⎝  1,200 ⎟⎠
      A pediatrician uses the model above to estimate the
      height h of a boy, in inches, in terms of the boy’s
      age a, in years, between the ages of 2 and 5. Based                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ⎛ r ⎞
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C) P = ⎜⎜          ⎟m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ⎜⎝ 1,200 ⎟⎟⎠
      on the model, what is the estimated increase, in
      inches, of a boy’s height each year?
      A)      3
      B)      5.7
      C)      9.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ⎛ 1,200 ⎞
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D) P = ⎜⎜       ⎟m
      D) 14.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ⎜⎝ r ⎟⎟⎠




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                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     11
           a                           4b                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         b = 2.35 + 0.25x
      If     = 2, what is the value of    ?
           b                           a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         c = 1.75 + 0.40x
      A) 0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   In the equations above, b and c represent the price
      B) 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   per pound, in dollars, of beef and chicken,
      C) 2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   respectively, x weeks after July 1 during last
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             summer. What was the price per pound of beef when
      D) 4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   it was equal to the price per pound of chicken?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) $2.60
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) $2.85
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) $2.95
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) $3.35

  9
                                   3x + 4y = −23
                                    2y − x = −19
      What is the solution (x, y ) to the system of equations
      above?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            12
      A) (−5, −2)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A line in the xy-plane passes through the origin and
      B) (3, −8)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1
      C) (4, −6)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             has a slope of     . Which of the following points lies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              7
      D) (9, −6)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             on the line?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A) (0, 7)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) (1, 7)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) (7, 7)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) (14, 2)
 10

                                   g (x ) = ax 2 + 24
      For the function g defined above, a is a constant
      and g(4) = 8. What is the value of g(−4) ?
      A) 8
      B) 0
      C) −1
      D) −8




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                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    15

      If x > 3, which of the following is equivalent                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        If (ax + 2)(bx + 7) = 15x 2 + cx + 14 for all values of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            x, and a + b = 8, what are the two possible
                     1
      to    1   1                ?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          values for c ?
              +
           x+2 x+3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A) 3 and 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B) 6 and 35
                   2x + 5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   C) 10 and 21
      A)       2
             x + 5x + 6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     D) 31 and 41
             x 2 + 5x + 6
      B)
                2x + 5

      C) 2x + 5


      D) x 2 + 5x + 6




 14

                                           8x
      If 3x − y = 12 , what is the value of y ?
                                           2
      A) 212
      B) 44
      C) 82
      D) The value cannot be determined from the
         information given.




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        3                                                                                                                         3
                                                                                            7
                                                                                   Answer: 12                  Answer: 2.5
          DIRECTIONS
                                                                     Write
        For questions 16–20, solve the problem and                   answer           7 / 12                       2 . 5
        enter your answer in the grid, as described                  in boxes.             / /      Fraction       / /
        below, on the answer sheet.                                                                 line
                                                                                      .    . . .               .   . . .        Decimal
                                                                                           0 0 0                   0 0 0        point

        1. Although not required, it is suggested that                                1    1 1 1               1   1 1 1
           you write your answer in the boxes at the top                              2    2 2 2               2   2 2 2
           of the columns to help you fill in the circles             Grid in         3    3 3 3               3   3 3 3
           accurately. You will receive credit only if the            result.         4    4 4 4               4   4 4 4
           circles are filled in correctly.                                           5    5 5 5               5   5 5 5
        2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.                                6    6 6 6               6   6 6 6
        3. No question has a negative answer.                                         7    7 7 7               7   7 7 7
        4. Some problems may have more than one                                       8    8 8 8               8   8 8 8
           correct answer. In such cases, grid only one                               9    9 9 9               9   9 9 9
           answer.
        5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded                                                     2
                                                                                 Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:
                                                     2
              as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the
                                           /   /                                          2 / 3     . 666              . 667
             grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .)                         / /                / /                  / /
                                             2          2                         . . . .           . . . .             .    . . .
        6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal                                  0 0 0             0 0 0                 0 0 0
           answer with more digits than the grid can                              1 1 1 1           1 1 1 1            1     1 1 1
           accommodate, it may be either rounded or                               2 2 2 2           2 2 2 2            2     2 2 2
           truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.
                                                                                  3 3 3 3           3 3 3 3            3     3 3 3
                                                                                  4 4 4 4           4 4 4 4            4     4 4 4
                                                                                  5 5 5 5           5 5 5 5            5     5 5 5
                                                                                  6 6 6 6           6 6 6 6            6     6 6 6
                                                                                  7 7 7 7           7 7 7 7            7     7 7 7
                                                                                  8 8 8 8           8 8 8 8            8     8 8 8
                                                                                  9 9 9 9           9 9 9 9            9     9 9 9
                                                                                 Answer: 201 – either position is correct
                                                                                                                      NOTE: You
                                                                                          201       201               may start your
                                                                                    / /               / /             answers in any
                                                                                                                      column, space
                                                                                  . . . .            .. . .
                                                                                                                      permitting.
                                                                                    0 0 0             0 0 0           Columns you
                                                                                  1 1 1 1           1 1 1 1           don’t need to
                                                                                  2 2 2 2           2 2 2 2           use should be
                                                                                  3 3 3 3           3 3 3 3           left blank.




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                                                                         .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                18

      If t > 0 and t 2 − 4 = 0 , what is the value of t ?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        x + y = −9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                x + 2y = −25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        According to the system of equations above, what is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        the value of x ?




 17
                     A

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   19

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        In a right triangle, one angle measures x°, where
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        sin x ° =     . What is cos(90° − x °) ?
            x feet                                                   D                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5
                                                             B



                     E
                                                                     C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   20
      A summer camp counselor wants to find a length, x,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        If a = 5 2 and 2a = 2x , what is the value of x ?
      in feet, across a lake as represented in the sketch
      above. The lengths represented by AB, EB, BD, and
      CD on the sketch were determined to be 1800 feet,
      1400 feet, 700 feet, and 800 feet, respectively.
      Segments AC and DE intersect at B, and ∠ AEB
      and ∠ CDB have the same measure. What is the
      value of x ?




                                                                     STOP
      If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
                               Do not turn to any other section.



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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        40


        4                                                                                                                                    4
                                Math Test – Calculator
                                55 M I NU TES, 3 8 QUESTIONS

                                Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.




                                For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
                                provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38,
                                solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to
                                the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
                                any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.



                                1. The use of a calculator is permitted.
                                2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
                                3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
                                4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
                                5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
                                   which f(x) is a real number.




                                                                                                                                                     s√2
                                           r                                                                   c             2x   60°       s 45°
                                                                       w             h          b                                       x
                                                                                                                         30°                    45°
                                                                                    b                      a               x√3                 s
                                  A = pr 2                 A = w                    1
                                                                                 A = bh             c 2 = a2 + b 2         Special Right Triangles
                                                                                     2
                                  C = 2pr


                                                       h                   r                           r                 h                        h
                                                                                 h
                                                   w                                                                         r                          w
                                                                                                                                             
                                    V = wh                          V = pr 2h                   4
                                                                                              V = pr 3
                                                                                                                        1
                                                                                                                     V = pr 2h              V = 1 wh
                                                                                                 3                      3                       3
                                The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
                                The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
                                The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.




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                                                                                        ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       3
      John runs at different speeds as part of his training                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   s                t
      program. The graph shows his target heart rate at
      different times during his workout. On which                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1       
      interval is the target heart rate strictly increasing then
      strictly decreasing?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       m
       Target heart rate (beats per minute)




                                              160


                                              120                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             In the figure above, lines A and m are parallel and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              lines s and t are parallel. If the measure of ∠1 is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35° , what is the measure of ∠2 ?
                                               80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A)   35°
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              B)   55°
                                               40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C)   70°
                                                    0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          D) 145°
                                                              Time (minutes)
      A) Between 0 and 30 minutes
      B) Between 40 and 60 minutes
      C) Between 50 and 65 minutes
      D) Between 70 and 90 minutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              If 16 + 4x is 10 more than 14, what is the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              value of 8x ?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A)   2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              B)   6
  2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C) 16
      If y = kx , where k is a constant, and y = 24 when                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      D) 80
      x = 6 , what is the value of y when x = 5 ?
      A)                                      6
      B) 15
      C) 20
      D) 23




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                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    6
      Which of the following graphs best shows a strong
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1 decagram = 10 grams
      negative association between d and t ?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1,000 milligrams = 1 gram
      A) t
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A hospital stores one type of medicine in 2-decagram
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           containers. Based on the information given in the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           box above, how many 1-milligram doses are there in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           one 2-decagram container?
                                    d
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A)        0.002
      B) t                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 B)      200
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C)    2,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D)   20,000


                                     d

      C) t




                                    d

      D) t




                                    d




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                                                                          ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         8
                                 Rooftop Solar Panel                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            For what value of n is n − 1 + 1 equal to 0 ?
                              Installations in Five Cities
               9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                A)   0
               8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                B)   1
               7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                C)   2
               6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                D) There is no such value of n.
               5
               4
               3
               2
               1
               0
                          A         B         C          D           E
                                            City


      The number of rooftops with solar panel installations
      in 5 cities is shown in the graph above. If the total
      number of installations is 27,500, what is an
      appropriate label for the vertical axis of the graph?
      A) Number of installations (in tens)
      B) Number of installations (in hundreds)
      C) Number of installations (in thousands)
      D) Number of installations (in tens of thousands)




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                           ▼




                                                                     ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      11
Questions 9 and 10 refer to the following information.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution
                              a = 1,052 + 1.08t                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            of the inequality 3x − 5 ≥ 4x − 3 ?
The speed of a sound wave in air depends on the air                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        A) −1
temperature. The formula above shows the relationship
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           B) −2
between a, the speed of a sound wave, in feet per second,
and t, the air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit (°F).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C) −3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D) −5

  9
      Which of the following expresses the air temperature
      in terms of the speed of a sound wave?
                  a − 1,052
      A) t =
                    1.08
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      12
             a + 1,052
      B) t =                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Number of Seeds in Each of 12 Apples
               1.08
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Number of apples   5
                  1,052 − a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       4
      C) t =                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3
                     1.08
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2
                    1.08                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1
      D) t =
                  a + 1,052                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           3   4 5 6 7 8           9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Number of seeds


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Based on the histogram above, of the following,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           which is closest to the average (arithmetic mean)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           number of seeds per apple?
 10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        A) 4
      At which of the following air temperatures will the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  B) 5
      speed of a sound wave be closest to 1,000 feet per                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   C) 6
      second?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D) 7
      A) −46°F
      B) −48°F
      C) −49°F
      D) −50°F


                                         ▲




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 13

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Course
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Algebra
                                                                        Algebra I Geometry                                                                                                                                                                                                 Total
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    II
                                               Gender          Female        35                                                                                                                                                                                           53        62     150
                                                                Male         44                                                                                                                                                                                           59        57     160
                                                                Total        79                                                                                                                                                                                          112       119     310


      A group of tenth-grade students responded to a survey that asked which math course they were currently enrolled in.
      The survey data were broken down as shown in the table above. Which of the following categories accounts for
      approximately 19 percent of all the survey respondents?
      A) Females taking Geometry
      B) Females taking Algebra II
      C) Males taking Geometry
      D) Males taking Algebra I
                                                                                  ...................................................................................................................................................................................




 14

                       Lengths of Fish (in inches)
       8          9        9        9       10     10                   11
      11         12       12       12       12     13                   13
      13         14       14       15       15     16                   24

      The table above lists the lengths, to the nearest inch,
      of a random sample of 21 brown bullhead fish. The
      outlier measurement of 24 inches is an error. Of the
      mean, median, and range of the values listed, which
      will change the most if the 24-inch measurement is
      removed from the data?
      A) Mean
      B) Median
      C) Range
      D) They will all change by the same amount.




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                                                ▼




                                                                             ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Which of the following represents the relationship
Questions 15 and 16 refer to the following                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          between h and C ?
information.

                                         Total Cost of Renting                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      A) C = 5h
                                     C    a Boat by the Hour
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             3
                                20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  B) C =     h+5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             4
                                18
                                16
         Total cost (dollars)




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C) C = 3h + 5
                                14
                                12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    D) h = 3C
                                10
                                 8
                                 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ▲
                                 4
                                 2
                                 0                                       h
                                     0   1     2     3    4          5
                                             Time (hours)


The graph above displays the total cost C, in dollars, of
renting a boat for h hours.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              y
 15
      What does the C-intercept represent in the graph?
      A) The initial cost of renting the boat                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              y = f(x)
      B) The total number of boats rented
      C) The total number of hours the boat is rented                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1
      D) The increase in cost to rent the boat for each                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           x
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          O       1
         additional hour




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The complete graph of the function f is shown in the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    xy-plane above. For what value of x is the value of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    f (x ) at its minimum?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A) −5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    B) −3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C) −2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    D)   3



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                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     19
                                      y < −x + a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A food truck sells salads for $6.50 each and drinks for
                                      y > x+b                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                $2.00 each. The food truck’s revenue from selling a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             total of 209 salads and drinks in one day was
      In the xy-plane, if (0, 0) is a solution to the system of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              $836.50. How many salads were sold that day?
      inequalities above, which of the following
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A)   77
      relationships between a and b must be true?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B)   93
      A) a > b                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               C)   99
      B) b > a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               D) 105
      C) a > b
      D) a = − b




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                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    21
      Alma bought a laptop computer at a store that gave a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Dreams Recalled during One Week
      20 percent discount off its original price. The total
      amount she paid to the cashier was p dollars,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        None    1 to 4   5 or more     Total
      including an 8 percent sales tax on the discounted                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Group X       15       28         57         100
      price. Which of the following represents the original
      price of the computer in terms of p ?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Group Y       21       11         68         100
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Total         36       39        125         200
      A) 0.88p
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The data in the table above were produced by a sleep
           p                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                researcher studying the number of dreams people
      B)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    recall when asked to record their dreams for one
         0.88
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            week. Group X consisted of 100 people who
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            observed early bedtimes, and Group Y consisted of
      C) (0.8)(1.08) p
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            100 people who observed later bedtimes. If a person
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            is chosen at random from those who recalled
                  p                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         at least 1 dream, what is the probability that the
      D)
             (0.8)(1.08)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    person belonged to Group Y ?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  68
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 100
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  79
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 100
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  79
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 164
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 164
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 200




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                                                                              ▼
Questions 22 and 23 refer to the following information.
                                             Annual Budgets for Different Programs in Kansas, 2007 to 2010

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Year
                                        Program
                                                                       2007                                                                                                                                             2008                2009             2010

                        Agriculture/natural resources                  373,904                                                                                                                                          358,708             485,807          488,106

                        Education                                     2,164,607                                                                                                                                        2,413,984           2,274,514        3,008,036

                        General government                           14,347,325                                                                                                                                       12,554,845          10,392,107       14,716,155

                        Highways and transportation                   1,468,482                                                                                                                                        1,665,636           1,539,480        1,773,893

                        Human resources                               4,051,050                                                                                                                                        4,099,067           4,618,444        5,921,379

                        Public safety                                  263,463                                                                                                                                          398,326             355,935          464,233

                    The table above lists the annual budget, in thousands of dollars, for each of six different state
                    programs in Kansas from 2007 to 2010.
                                                                              .....................................................................................................................................




 22                                                                                                                                                                                                                   23
      Which of the following best approximates the                                                                                                                                                                         Of the following, which program’s ratio of its
      average rate of change in the annual budget for                                                                                                                                                                      2007 budget to its 2010 budget is closest to the
      agriculture/natural resources in Kansas from 2008 to                                                                                                                                                                 human resources program’s ratio of its 2007 budget
      2010 ?                                                                                                                                                                                                               to its 2010 budget?
      A)      $50,000,000 per year                                                                                                                                                                                         A) Agriculture/natural resources
      B)      $65,000,000 per year                                                                                                                                                                                         B) Education
      C)      $75,000,000 per year                                                                                                                                                                                         C) Highways and transportation
      D) $130,000,000 per year                                                                                                                                                                                             D) Public safety


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ▲




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                                                                     ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Katarina is a botanist studying the production of
      Which of the following is an equation of a circle in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  pears by two types of pear trees. She noticed that
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Type A trees produced 20 percent more pears
      the xy-plane with center (0, 4) and a radius with                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     than Type B trees did. Based on Katarina’s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            observation, if the Type A trees produced 144 pears,
                ⎛4 ⎞                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        how many pears did the Type B trees produce?
      endpoint ⎜⎜ , 5⎟⎟ ?
                ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A) 115
                                25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          B) 120
      A)      x 2 + ( y − 4)2 =
                                9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           C) 124
                                     25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     D) 173
      B)      x 2 + ( y + 4)2 =
                                     9
                                     5
      C)      x 2 + ( y − 4)2 =
                                     3
                                     3
      D)      x 2 + ( y + 4)2 =
                                     5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       27
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A square field measures 10 meters by 10 meters.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ten students each mark off a randomly selected
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            region of the field; each region is square and has side
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            lengths of 1 meter, and no two regions overlap. The
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            students count the earthworms contained in the soil
 25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground’s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            surface in each region. The results are shown in the
                                 h = − 4.9t 2 + 25t                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         table below.
      The equation above expresses the approximate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Number of         Number of
      height h, in meters, of a ball t seconds after it is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Region              Region
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          earthworms        earthworms
      launched vertically upward from the ground with an
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A          107      F        141
      initial velocity of 25 meters per second. After
      approximately how many seconds will the ball hit the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         B          147      G        150
      ground?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      C          146      H        154
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   D          135      I        176
      A) 3.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       E          149      J        166
      B) 4.0
      C) 4.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Which of the following is a reasonable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            approximation of the number of earthworms to a
      D) 5.0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground’s surface
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            in the entire field?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A)         150
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            B)     1,500
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C)    15,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            D) 150,000




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                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     30
                                            y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       y

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               20           y = x2 – 2x – 15
                                    II             I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               15
                                                           x
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               10
                                    III          IV                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 x
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               –5 – 4 –3 –2 –1 O        1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              –5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            –10
      If the system of inequalities y ≥ 2x + 1 and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            –15
            1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A
      y>      x − 1 is graphed in the xy-plane above, which                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 – 20
            2
      quadrant contains no solutions to the system?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Which of the following is an equivalent form of the
      A) Quadrant II                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         equation of the graph shown in the xy-plane above,
      B) Quadrant III                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        from which the coordinates of vertex A can be
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             identified as constants in the equation?
      C) Quadrant IV
      D) There are solutions in all four quadrants.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A) y = (x + 3)(x − 5)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             B) y = (x − 3)(x + 5)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C) y = x(x − 2) − 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             D) y = (x − 1)2 − 16



 29
      For a polynomial p(x ) , the value of p(3) is −2.
      Which of the following must be true about p(x ) ?
      A) x − 5 is a factor of p(x ) .
      B) x − 2 is a factor of p(x ) .
      C) x + 2 is a factor of p(x ) .
      D) The remainder when p(x ) is divided
         by x − 3 is −2.




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                                                                                            7
                                                                                   Answer: 12                  Answer: 2.5
          DIRECTIONS
                                                                     Write
        For questions 31–38, solve the problem and                   answer           7 / 12                       2 . 5
        enter your answer in the grid, as described                  in boxes.             / /      Fraction       / /
        below, on the answer sheet.                                                                 line
                                                                                      .    . . .               .   . . .        Decimal
                                                                                           0 0 0                   0 0 0        point

        1. Although not required, it is suggested that                                1    1 1 1               1   1 1 1
           you write your answer in the boxes at the top                              2    2 2 2               2   2 2 2
           of the columns to help you fill in the circles             Grid in         3    3 3 3               3   3 3 3
           accurately. You will receive credit only if the            result.         4    4 4 4               4   4 4 4
           circles are filled in correctly.                                           5    5 5 5               5   5 5 5
        2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.                                6    6 6 6               6   6 6 6
        3. No question has a negative answer.                                         7    7 7 7               7   7 7 7
        4. Some problems may have more than one                                       8    8 8 8               8   8 8 8
           correct answer. In such cases, grid only one                               9    9 9 9               9   9 9 9
           answer.
        5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded                                                     2
                                                                                 Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:
                                                     2
              as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the
                                           /   /                                          2 / 3     . 666              . 667
             grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .)                         / /                / /                  / /
                                             2          2                         . . . .           . . . .             .    . . .
        6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal                                  0 0 0             0 0 0                 0 0 0
           answer with more digits than the grid can                              1 1 1 1           1 1 1 1            1     1 1 1
           accommodate, it may be either rounded or                               2 2 2 2           2 2 2 2            2     2 2 2
           truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.
                                                                                  3 3 3 3           3 3 3 3            3     3 3 3
                                                                                  4 4 4 4           4 4 4 4            4     4 4 4
                                                                                  5 5 5 5           5 5 5 5            5     5 5 5
                                                                                  6 6 6 6           6 6 6 6            6     6 6 6
                                                                                  7 7 7 7           7 7 7 7            7     7 7 7
                                                                                  8 8 8 8           8 8 8 8            8     8 8 8
                                                                                  9 9 9 9           9 9 9 9            9     9 9 9
                                                                                 Answer: 201 – either position is correct
                                                                                                                      NOTE: You
                                                                                          201       201               may start your
                                                                                    / /               / /             answers in any
                                                                                                                      column, space
                                                                                  . . . .            .. . .
                                                                                                                      permitting.
                                                                                    0 0 0             0 0 0           Columns you
                                                                                  1 1 1 1           1 1 1 1           don’t need to
                                                                                  2 2 2 2           2 2 2 2           use should be
                                                                                  3 3 3 3           3 3 3 3           left blank.




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                                                                      ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     33
      Wyatt can husk at least 12 dozen ears of corn per                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Number of Portable Media Players
      hour and at most 18 dozen ears of corn per hour.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Sold Worldwide Each Year from 2006 to 2011
      Based on this information, what is a possible amount
      of time, in hours, that it could take Wyatt to husk                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               180




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Number sold (millions)
      72 dozen ears of corn?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            160
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        140
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        120
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        100
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         60
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         40
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
 32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Year
      The posted weight limit for a covered wooden bridge
      in Pennsylvania is 6000 pounds. A delivery truck
      that is carrying x identical boxes each weighing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       According to the line graph above, the number of
      14 pounds will pass over the bridge. If the combined                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   portable media players sold in 2008 is what fraction
      weight of the empty delivery truck and its driver is                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   of the number sold in 2011 ?
      4500 pounds, what is the maximum possible value
      for x that will keep the combined weight of the
      truck, driver, and boxes below the bridge’s posted
      weight limit?




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        34
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             A local television station sells time slots for programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             in 30-minute intervals. If the station operates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             24 hours per day, every day of the week, what is the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             total number of 30-minute time slots the station can
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             sell for Tuesday and Wednesday?




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