Answers1 Research carried out by a UK-based organization to find the common causes of absenteeism in the work place shows that over three quarters of working days missed are the result of minor illness. Unscheduled days off by some members of a team can force their already busy colleagues to take on more work, which can, in turn, kill motivation or lead to delays and missed deadlines.The research found that another ten per cent of missed days in manual jobs result from injury (but only three per cent in non-manual jobs which is presumably due to the lower physical risks at work). Stress and mental ill-health cause another six per cent of missed work days; one per cent arise from home and family responsibilities such caring for a sick relative; and 'other' causes, including'pulling a sickie' account for another two per cent. Poor employee attendance sometimes stems from low morale. Many companies have found that a flexible working schedule can foster good will and bring about improved employee attendance.2 kill3 foster

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Answers to Grammar summary exercises11 kill 2 is the result of 3 makes more people drive 4 was a consequence of 5 bring about 6 contributed to21 consequence 2 arise 3 lead 4 foster5 bring 6 kill31b 2c 3 a 4b 5 a 6b4<ol><li>﻿﻿Success is the result of hard work.</li><li>﻿﻿Sunny weather contributes to feelings of happiness.</li><li>﻿﻿Being honest makes people trust you.</li><li>﻿﻿Open spaces in offices foster good communication.</li><li>﻿﻿Low productivity is a consequence of poor management.</li><li>﻿﻿High sales targets lead to increased sales.</li></ol>51 Bad diet gives rise to poor health.2 Increased productivity results from regular breaks. /Regular breaks results in increased productivity.3 Bad posture contributes to back pain.4 Lack of sleep causes poor work performance.5 Inappropriate phone use makes people angry.6 Networking leads to increased opportunities.61 He resigned on account of stress.2 As a result of an increased workload this year, I will no longer be able to play in the football team.3 She wanted to spend some time travelling. That's why she quit her job.4 He took early retirement. Consequently, he wasn't able to draw his full pension.5 Thanks to a pay rise, I've been able to start looking for my own flat at last.6 Only one of the team could be promoted, thus resulting in tensions in the office.71 Unreasonable demands from managers result in unhappy employees.2 Employee dissatisfaction consequences is a consequence of low pay and poor working conditions.3 Poor computer security rises gives rise to possible loss of data.4 Company restructuring leads to makes employees feel insecure / leads employees to feeling insecure.5 Constant negativity from management results to in frustrated employees.6 Training contributes to a safer work environment.

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Answers<ol><li>﻿﻿More families moved into the area because of good reports about the local schools.</li><li>﻿﻿Moving to a new house causes people to think about how many possessions they have.</li><li>A reduction in our home energy costs resulted from replacing our heating system.</li><li>Lost data is as a consequence of the failure to back up regularly.</li><li>﻿﻿Effective driver education brings about safer roads.</li><li>﻿﻿Being rude to customers kills a local shop's popularity.</li></ol>

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11 b2 c3 а2<ol><li>A recent audit resulted in the revelation that our small team of six don't work together as well as we could.</li><li>Taking part in a facilitated workshop was the consequence of the audit recommendations.</li><li>﻿﻿The boss's observations led to some proposals for change in some key areas.</li><li>﻿﻿Despite our initial scepticism, the workshop fostered rapport.</li><li>﻿﻿The feedback session contributed to us tightening our processes.</li><li>﻿﻿The workshop will bring about closer communication between us.</li></ol>

31 brought about2 caused3 gave rise to4 stemmed from5 resulted from6 contributes to7 fostered8 resulted in42a The flights are so cheap that...b There are such cheap flights that ...3a The order is so large that ...b it is such a large order that ...4a The presentation was so good that ...b It was such a good presentation that ...5a The workshop was so successful that ...b The workshop was such a success that ...6a Travelling in the rush hour was so time consuming that ...b Travelling in the rush hour was such a time-consuming activity that ...7a The setback caused by IT problems was so serious that …b There was such a serious setback causedby IT problems that ...8a There were so many complaints that ....b There were such a lot of complaints that ...9a The product was so popular that ...b It was such a popular product that ...51 workshop 2 shut 3 lack/lag 4 work61 bad 2 Please 3 come 4 I.D.7When I have to achieve big goals, and when this results in me having lots to deal with, l try to follow the 'eating an elephant model'.Creighton Abrams, a US army general, came up with it and, due to its bizarre nature, it's a memorable idea. The fact that the originator was in the army contributes to the notion of discipline and task completion. Given the elephant's large size, the idea is that breaking it down into smaller parts results in it being easier to deal with. Otherwise, reaching a big goal might seem unobtainable and kill motivation and jeopardize the work itself. Last year, before moving premises, we agreed to throw away any unwanted papers and files.The only way to achieve this enormous task successfully was to deal with it bit by bit. As a result, we threw away almost a ton of paper and cleared the way for the move. As Abrams